Chapter 3 Design Loosely Coupled Integration and Highly Coupled Integration The loosely coupled principle reduces speculation between components and applications regarding their exchange of information in the form of messages (Figure 3- 11). Messages are sent in a particular format such as JSON or XML. It is asynchronized, whereas tightly coupled solutions are synchronized in nature and create interruptions when changes are required (Figure 3-10). Before an exchange of data message, the system establishes connection using Connect and Ack (acknowledge) messages. Integration approaches have evolved significantly from RPC (remote procedure call) and RMI (c), supported with many platforms and frameworks like CORBA, Java RMI, RPC- Web services, SOAP services, monolithic REST services, and microservices. Figure 3-10. Highly coupled Figure 3-11. Loosely coupled Integration helps you to integrate multiple platform using integration patterns and solutions. Key integration patterns are as follows: • Channel patterns: These patterns provide the way to transport the message across a channel. Patterns such as point-to-point channels, publish-subscribe channels, message bus, etc. are shown as message channel in Figure 3-12. 78