Chapter 3 Design Recent Trends in DevOps Let’s look into the recent trends in DevOps, where applications are built using the containerization approach and deployed on a cluster of nodes using Kubernetes, as shown in Figure 3-32. Containerization An end-to-end application can be developed and encapsulated in a single container along with its components such as files, environment variables, libraries, and OS necessary to run the application. The complete set of components in a single container is called an image. The container engine is responsible for deploying these images on hosts. Containers can run inside VMs, physical machines, or public and private cloud. This implies that a host machine can have multiple OS supporting containers that share same physical resources. Docker is the most common and leading containerization system. This approach helps you to scale and increase your storage when it demands. Features of the container are as follows: • The required configuration files along with libraries are available in the container. • Containers are more lightweight than a VM. This makes your application portable, hence it is easily built and deployed. 113