GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS Curtailment The reduction of renewable energy generation (wind, solar, etc.) output due to an oversupply or grid constraints. Data Centers Facilities that house computer systems, storage systems, and telecommunications equipment, supporting large-scale computing and data processing needs. Data centers consume significant amounts of electricity, especially for cooling and running servers. With the growth of technologies like cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and cryptocurrency mining, data centers have become critical loads in electricity grids, often requiring high reliability and low latency. Demand A system where consumers or businesses reduce their electricity use during peak periods Response in response to signals from grid operators. Decarbonization The process of reducing carbon dioxide emissions from energy production, primarily through transitioning to low-carbon energy sources. Electrification The process of replacing technologies that rely on fossil fuels with electric alternatives, such as electric vehicles or electric heating systems. Electrolysis A process that uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Load Shape Time-varying electricity demand, oftentimes represented with hourly data. Load Shedding An emergency strategy to reduce electricity demand by temporarily turning off the supply to certain areas or consumers. Non-Coincident The highest level of electricity demand that occurs at different times for different end-uses Peak Demand rather than the overall peak demand for the system as a whole. Peak Demand The highest amount of electricity used at any given time for the system as a whole. Random Forest A machine learning technique used to predict continuous variables, such as energy Regression demand, by averaging the results from multiple decision trees. Vehicle-to-Grid A system in which plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) interact with the power grid to either (V2G) supply power back to the grid or manage charging in response to grid demand. SPP FUTURE LOAD SCENARIOS | EVOLVED ENERGY RESEARCH | 2