or religious practices or laws discriminate against Unmet family planning these rights; Uneven rights: Women and men have Unmet need for family planning is de昀椀ned as the same rights to apply for national identity cards (if the percentage of women ages 15-49 who do applicable) and passports and to travel outside the not want to become pregnant but are not using country. However, this does not apply to all groups contraception. of women; Restricted rights: Women do not have the same rights as men to apply for national identity Period: 2021 or latest year available. cards (if applicable) or passports or to travel outside Source: USAID Demographic and Health Surveys the country; Unequal rights: Women do not have Program. the same rights as men to apply for national identity cards (if applicable) or passports and to travel outside the country. Early marriage, % Period: 2019. Percentage of girls aged 15–19 years who are or Source: OECD, Gender, Institutions and have ever been married, divorced, widowed or in an Development Database (GID-DB). informal union. Period: 2019. Source: OECD, Gender, Institutions and Election list quotas for women, national (yes/ Development Database (GID-DB). no) Reports if a country has in place electoral laws specifying quotas for female candidates in national elections to the lower parliamentary house. Mean age of women at birth of 昀椀rst child The mean age of mothers at 昀椀rst child’s birth is Period: Data as of 1 March 2023. de昀椀ned as the average completed year of age of Source: Institute for Democracy and Electoral women when their 昀椀rst child is born. Assistance (IDEA), Gender Quotas Database. Period: 2020 or most recent year. Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Party membership quotas, voluntary, (yes/no) Population Prospects 2022. Reports if a country has in place voluntary quotas specifying the number of women for political party membership. Right to divorce Period: Data as of 1 March 2023. Index measuring whether women and men have Source: IDEA, Gender Quotas Database. the same legal rights to initiate divorce and have the same requirements for divorce or annulment. For each case, the OECD numerical scores have been translated as: Equal rights = Women have Seats held in upper house, % of total seats the same rights to initiate divorce and the same Percentage of women holding seats in the higher requirements to 昀椀nalize divorce or annulment as house of representatives as a share of total seats. men, without negative repercussions from their Applies only to bicameral parliamentary systems. parental authority. This applies to all groups of women. Customary, religious and traditional laws Period: 2023. or practices do not discriminate against women’s Source: Inter-parliamentary Union (IPU). rights regarding divorce or parental authority after divorce; Near equal rights = Women have the same rights to initiate divorce and the same requirements to 昀椀nalize divorce or annulment as men, without Family and care negative repercussions from their parental authority. This applies to all groups of women. However, there Public spending on family bene昀椀ts, % of GDP are some customary, religious or traditional laws or Public spending on family bene昀椀ts includes 昀椀nancial practices that discriminate against women’s rights support that is exclusively for families and children. regarding divorce and/or parental authority after Spending recorded in other social policy areas such divorce; Uneven rights = Women have the same as health and housing may also assist families, but rights to initiate divorce and the same requirements not exclusively, and is not included in the indicator. to 昀椀nalize divorce or annulment as men, without negative repercussions from their parental authority. Period: 2021 or latest year available. However, this does not apply to all groups of Source: OECD, Family database. women; Restricted rights = Women do not have the same rights over divorce as men: either their rights to initiate divorce and/ or the requirements to 昀椀nalize divorce or annulment are unequal, or their freedom from parental authority after divorce is restricted; Global Gender Gap Report 2023 72