TABLE B.1 Structure of the Global Gender Gap Index Subindex Indicator Source Economic Participation Labour-force participation rate International Labour Organization (ILO), ILOSTAT database, Labour Force Surveys. and Opportunity Economic Participation Wage equality for similar work World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey (EOS). and Opportunity Economic Participation Estimated earned income International Labour Organization (ILO), ILOSTAT database; World Population Prospects and Opportunity 2022; World Bank, World Development Indicators database. Economic Participation Legislators, senior officials and managers International Labour Organization (ILO), ILOSTAT database. and Opportunity Economic Participation Professional and technical workers International Labour Organization (ILO), ILOSTAT database. and Opportunity UNESCO, UIS.Stat Education statistics data portal. When not available, data is sourced Educational Attainment Literacy rate from United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Reports, most recent year available between 2013 and 2023. Educational Attainment Enrolment in primary education UNESCO, UIS.Stat Education statistics data portal. Educational Attainment Enrolment in secondary education UNESCO, UIS.Stat Education statistics data portal. Educational Attainment Enrolment in tertiary education UNESCO, UIS.Stat Education statistics data portal. Health and Survival Sex ratio at birth World Bank, World Development Indicators database. Health and Survival Healthy life expectancy World Health Organization (WHO), Global Health Observatory database. Political Empowerment Women in parliament Inter-parliamentary Union. Political Empowerment Women in ministerial positions Inter-parliamentary Union-UN Women. Political Empowerment Years with female/male head of state (last 50) World Economic Forum’s calculations. Source World Economic Forum, Global Gender Gap Index 2023. Global Gender Gap Report 2023 63