278 Personal Content Experience: Managing Digital Life in the Mobile Age tasks are provided. This is emphasized by using hardware controls for direct access to key actions, such as a button for starting and pausing playback in an MP3 player, or a slider for zooming and a button for capturing in a digital still camera. The rest, secondary operations, are hidden inside some form of menu structure. The user performs only one task at a time, implying that there are separate states for capture and browse in a camera, or listening to a radio or MP3 fi les in an audio player. Hence, task switching need not be considered. Dedicated devices do not have UI guidelines, as the proprietary platforms are not open for third-party application development. However, due to consistency and brand image, the device manufactur- ers extend their own UI conventions over a broad range of products. Also, often the devices of this category mimic the design solutions of other similar devices, which is obvious if comparing digital cameras from different manufactures, for instance. Swiss army knife devices are more feature-loaded than dedicated devices, which implies that their UI consists of a large amount of multi- purpose UI components and physical interaction devices. The structure of the UI is dominantly hierarchy-based, but the increased number of technologies and features lead to a broader and wider menu struc- ture for accessing functionality. In addition to generic interaction devices, the devices may have additional physical controls for stressing the key or differencing functionality. For example, some mobile phones have additional playback or capture controls. Support for multi-tasking is still limited, mostly due to the limitations of the computing platform (consider the use case above). Concerning third-party application development, the devices may have guidelines and conventions for user interface design, as they usually support technologies such as Java. Nearly all UIs in the toolbox category devices blend menu selection-based interaction style with a WIMP GUI. These devices have many pre-installed applications and the user can (relatively) easily install new applications. Thus, a novice user feels that the UI is complex to master. On the other hand, the devices may offer an opportunity to organize and personalize the menu structure so that it is easy and fast to use. This also implies a difference between the toolbox category and the other categories: the UI structure of toolbox devices rely more on the concept of an application than the other categories (see Chapter 7 for more discussion on mobile applications). For instance, from the end-user’s perspective, dedicated devices usually have “features” instead of “applications” and the same applies to most Swiss army knife devices. Toolbox devices are often preferred by experienced users who demand effi ciency and effectiveness in a single package, specifi cally