Slezkine, Yuri, family of, 216, 226–27, 248–49, 272, 286, 310, 361 Slutskaia, Vera (Berta), 179 Slutsky, Boris, 235–36, 280 Smith, Adam, 44 Smolenskin, Perets, 124 Smolensky, Alexander, 362 Social Democratic party, 151, 152–53 socialism: of American Jews, 265, 357 and capitalism, 153, 207 and European Jews, 84–85, 91, 93, 101 of Herzen, 339–40 in Hungary, 89 and Israel, 327 Kazin on, 214 of Marx, 153 in modernity, 207 and nationalism, 207 in Palestine, 209, 267 populism as, 141 and postindustrial capitalism, 332 and professionalism, 207 in Russian Empire, 141 of Russian Empire Jews, 152, 153, 156–57 in Russian reading circles, 144 and Sholem Aleichem, 204, 205 in Soviet Union, 276, 331 of Stalin, 82 in United States, 215 in Vittenberg, 147 Weizmann on, 149, 150 as welfare state, 331. See also radicalism socialist realism, 225, 240 Socialist Revolutionaries, 273