nationality policy of, 246 purge of Soviet Jews by, 301, 313–14 and Russian nationalism, 277–78 on science, 306 and secret police, 307 socialism of, 82 as unifying symbol, 331 Stalin, Vasily, 254 Stalin, Yakov, 304 Stalinism, 103, 275 Stalin Revolution, 276 Startsev, Stepan, 249–50 Stasov, Vladimir, 134, 135 state: ambivalence of toward service nomads, 36 as church, 67 and family, 64, 142 and modernity, 276 protection for Jews in, 2, 46, 47, 104, 114–16, 160, 165, 350 religious tolerance in, 46 therapeutic, 81–82 as tribe, 61. See also nation-state State Jewish Theater, 138 Steinberg, Joshua, 128 Stern banking house, 47 Stoliarsky, P. S., 125, 126 Stonov, Dimitry, 243 St. Petersburg, 117, 122, 125 strangeness: in Freud, 82 modern cultivation of, 45 of Russian Empire Jews, 121 of Russian Federation Jews, 362–63 of Soviet Jews, 237 of State of Israel, 366–67