24 (Cato Institute ) CBO notes that many unverifiable employees will be pushed deeper into the underground economy by E- Verify—something that is already occurring in states that mandate its use. Some employers would no doubt continue to pay unverified employees, but would do so off the books and off the radar of the IRS and Social Security Administration. While the government would receive an expected $49 billion in on- budget revenues from new sources of income tax revenue and payroll tax revenue from 2014 to 2023, it would lose $88 billion in off-budget revenue during the same period – mostly from Social Security payroll taxes lost as workers join the underground economy. That’s a $39 billion net loss to revenues due 25 mainly to E-Verify. 3. Mr. Trump wants the “mandatory return of all criminal aliens. Trump’s plan implies that immigrants, living here both legally and illegally, are more likely to commit crimes than U.S. citizens. But studies have shown that notion to be untrue. The report that Mr. Trump points to makes no comparison of crimes committed by immigrants to crimes committed by U.S. citizens. Bianca Bersani, director of the Criminal Justice Program at the University of Massachusetts, did make such a comparison in 2012 research paper published in Justice Quarterly and concluded that “immigrants, regardless of generational status, pose no greater criminal threat than the general native-born 26 population.” 24 Nowrasteh, Alex, “E-Verify Deepens Projected Budget Deficits,” Cato at Liberty, December 19, 2013. Available at: http://www.cato.org/blog/e-verify-deepens-projected-budget-deficits 25 Ibid. 26 Bersani, Bianca, “An Examination of First and Second Generation Immigrant Offending Trajectories,” Justice Quarterly, vol. 31, iss. 2. Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07418825.2012.659200#.VnWV1oSUef4; Robertson,

E-Verify Deepens Projected Budget Deficits

An Examination of First and Second Generation Immigrant Offending Trajectories