Meta 2023 Sustainability Report

2023 Sustainability Report For a Better Reality.

03 Leadership letter 04 About 07 Our sustainability vision Table of 09 How we operate Path to net zero Responsible supply chain 35 How we collaborate Workplaces Employee engagement Data centers Carbon removal partnerships Contents Risks and opportunities Water positive in 2030 Biodiversity Climate policy Sharing climate insights 29 What we create Product circularity 42 Looking ahead Elevating accurate information Small businesses sustainability 43 Data index 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 2

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index A MESSAGE FROM Rachel Peterson VICE PRESIDENT, DATA CENTER STRATEGY As of 2020, our global suppliers to determine their products are built and managed water stewardship, circularity, decarbonization, extends beyond operations reached net zero Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions, set — while protecting workers and low-carbon alternatives. our data centers and offices, emissions and are supported by reduction targets and promote and the environment in our including emissions from the 100% renewable energy. We are strategic action. supply chain. Operating sustainable data server components our suppliers now reaching toward the goals centers is foundational to our manufacture to our employees’ of net zero emissions across We know that reaching net zero Within our global footprint, our sustainability strategy. Our commutes. We do not have all our value chain and becoming emissions across our value chain data centers generate the highest strategy is anchored by three of the answers yet, but we water positive throughout our will not be an easy task. Right percentage of our energy use, components — how we commit to continuing to share operations, aiming to achieve now, our Scope 3 emissions are water use and GHG emissions, operate, what we create and our journey with you through both of these milestones increasing and will continue to which is why increasing their how we collaborate. this annual report. in 2030. do so as we work to support the efficiency is critical in maintaining global demand for the services net zero operations and striving Our size and global reach give This report details our progress in Meta’s net zero in 2030 we provide. for a net zero value chain. us the opportunity — and 2022 and looks to the challenges goal focuses on embedding the responsibility — to drive facing us in 2023 and beyond. sustainability into everything We see our role as protecting Our approach to data center sustainable change across our Follow our journey by visiting our we do, whether designing people and the planet through sustainability focuses on using industry. Our work to reduce sustainability homepage↗. products, commuting, selecting responsible operations — less — less energy, water, emissions will drive market construction materials or minimizing our emissions and the unnecessary infrastructure, and availability for other companies working with suppliers to set energy and water used to power waste — and building the most to do the same. their own net zero targets. For our data centers that enable efficient buildings we can. We example, through our Net Zero users to access our products further reduce our environmental Our challenge, to transform program, we work closely with and the workplaces where those impact through renewable energy, our ambition into rapid 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 3

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Our mission Giving people the power to build community and bring the world closer together. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 4

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index About Meta META BUILDS TECHNOLOGIES THAT HELP PEOPLE CONNECT, BUILD COMMUNITIES AND GROW BUSINESSES. When Facebook launched in 2004, it changed the way people connect. Apps like Messenger, Instagram, and WhatsApp further empowered billions around the world. Now, Meta is moving beyond 2D screens toward immersive experiences like augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) to help build the next evolution in social technology. We have offices in more than 90 cities across North America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and Latin America. We also own 21 data center locations globally. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 5

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index About this report In line with TCFD the accuracy of our data. Our recommendations, we conduct environmental metrics and climate-related risk and methodology can be found in opportunity assessments to help the index of this report. In us take the right measures to 2022, our external auditor, build our company’s resilience. Apex Companies, LLC, audited We disclose emissions annually our environmental data. You can based on the Greenhouse Gas access our audit certifications (GHG) Protocol and update our here↗. Our full data index can GHG emissions as we increase be found here↗. 2023 environmental 2023 Responsible Business the Sustainability Accounting sustainability progress Practices Report↗ and Standards Board (SASB), immediately follows our 2021 Internet and Media Services Meta’s 2023 Sustainability Sustainability Report↗. Industry Standards; the United Report reflects our work during Nations (UN) Global Compact, the 2022 fiscal year (January This year’s report was prepared the UN Sustainable Development 1-December 31, 2022) unless in reference to the Global Goals (SDGs); and the Task Force otherwise noted. It builds on Reporting Initiative (GRI) for Climate-Related Financial topics outlined in our standards with guidance from Disclosures (TCFD). 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 6

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Our sustainability vision We are in the business of building better realities — and not We envision a just and equitable the energy and water used to community members, climate transition to a zero-carbon power our data centers that action leaders and scientists economy and are working in enable users to access our to innovate beyond what is just virtual ones. partnership with others to products and the workplaces possible today. We are leveraging scale inclusive solutions that where those products are our core apps and services to help create a healthier planet built and managed — while enable access to climate science for all, ensuring that no one is protecting workers and the information and to accelerate left behind. environment in our supply chain. action-oriented resources for tomorrow. We see our role as protecting At the same time, we people and the planet through acknowledge we will not realize responsible operations — this vision on our own. We minimizing our emissions and continue to collaborate with 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 7

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index For a better reality How we operate What we create We are committed to protecting what is truly important: We push the boundaries of what is possible, creating The well-being of people and our planet. solutions where none existed and building apps and services that enable change. • Take bold climate action by minimizing our footprint, championing • Provide access to new ideas, accurate information and ways to take action renewable energy, restoring water resources, engaging our suppliers and via content on our platforms. supporting climate justice. • Amplify content from scientists and climate action leaders. • Respect human, labor and civil rights in our operations and supply chain. • Design new apps and services with diverse needs and values in mind. • Cultivate diversity and inclusion in our operations. • Elevate small businesses and spur economic growth. • Boost energy and water efficiency in our data centers. • Integrate circular practices in our facilities and hardware. • Engage experts to guide our sustainability and • Work with local power utilities to enable How we collaborate social impact initiatives. our facilities and local businesses to procure We tackle the important • Connect researchers with insights. renewable energy. issues by creating • Share our environmental learnings and practices partnerships and joining • Join forces with non-governmental organizations throughout the tech industry and beyond. established initiatives. (NGOs) and community organizations to create and implement locally beneficial environmental initiatives. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 8

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index How we operate To create a better reality, we must start by improving our own practices, processes and To be good stewards of our culture. planet and maintain the trust of shareholders, employees, suppliers, customers and partners, we must operate sustainably, responsibly and ethically and communicate transparently in everything we do. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 9

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Path to net zero SINCE 2020, WE HAVE MAINTAINED NET ZERO EMISSIONS IN OUR GLOBAL OPERATIONS. Meta’s 2022 carbon footprint mt CO2e To get there, we reduced our We know that achieving net 1% Scope 1 66,934 operational emissions by 94% zero value chain emissions in

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Path to net zero Early in this decade, we do 39% smaller than our location- not expect decarbonization based emissions in 2022, Total location- vs. market-based emissions and business growth to be in reflecting significant emissions harmony. In fact, our emissions reduction from initiatives such 15,000,000 increased 46% in 2022 due as our procurement of 100% to Meta employees returning renewable energy. In the coming Our 2022 market-based to offices and because our years, we will build upon the emissions were 39% smaller business growth accelerated at strong foundation for emissions than our location-based a faster pace than we can scale reduction we have set in 2022 10,000,000 emissions (14 M tons CO e). 2 decarbonization measures. with our suppliers and across Our market-based emissions our value chain as detailed adjust for emissions reductions This reality underscores the throughout the rest of this report. from purchasing decisions need for us to drive innovative More details on our path to net 5,000,000 we have made. This includes solutions across our business zero can be found here↗. our contracting of more than and in collaboration with our 10,000 megawatt (MW) of suppliers today, so that growth renewable energy and purchase can happen sustainably. We are 0 of more than 1 million gallons 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 already seeing tangible results of sustainable aviation fuel for in our push to decarbonize our Location-based Market-based business travel, which has an up operations. Particularly, our to 80% lower carbon footprint market-based emissions were than traditional jet fuel. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 11

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Path to net zero Reducing our emissions The core principles guiding our approach to Reducing GHG emissions across We are setting a science- emissions reduction include: our global operations and value aligned emissions reduction chain is a top priority and the target in line with what is most effective strategy to reach necessary to transition to a net zero. Failure to reduce zero-carbon future, and we have Designing with less and reducing the volume emissions today will lock in roadmapped our strategy to of materials in construction and hardware, high-carbon intensity business systematically transform the extending the life of hardware components tomorrow. Rapid decarbonization way we do business. and reducing waste. is our best chance to limit the worst impacts of climate change, which is critical to sustain healthy Choosing better and incorporating and equitable communities. principles of circularity into our supply chain, construction and purchases. Embracing low-carbon technology and finding alternatives such as low-carbon fuels and innovative new materials. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 12

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Path to net zero SUPPORTING EFFORTS TO DECARBONIZE Enabling renewable energy ELECTRICITY GOES WELL BEYOND THE Supporting our operations with PROCUREMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY 100% renewable energy is critical FOR OUR OWN OPERATIONS. to our net zero strategy and is no small task as our business continues to grow. We partner with many of the opportunity to pursue renewable largest utilities in the U.S. to energy projects via their retail add renewable energy onto their electricity service and address systems in ways that work for their own sustainability goals. both Meta and other customers. Not all utilities offer electric rates Our renewable energy projects (or tariffs, as utilities call them) represent an estimated $14.2 that allow customers to support billion of capital investment in their facilities with new renewable new infrastructure, supporting energy projects. When this is an estimated 74,000 one-year the case, we work with utility jobs throughout the U.S. over Our portfolio of more than 10,000 MW of contracted renewable energy projects makes Meta one partners to create green tariffs the 10-year construction phase of the largest corporate buyers of renewable energy globally, and the corporation with the largest that provide our facilities, and (averaging 7,400 jobs per year). operating portfolio↗ in the U.S., with more than 5,500 MW online. other energy customers, with the Photo courtesy of Ørsted 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 13

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Path to net zero Putting emissions first encourage companies to Engaging our suppliers to Capacity building purchase an amount of drive net zero progress Deliver capacity-building content to enhance Meta is part of the Emissions renewable energy equal to that suppliers’ sustainability maturity. First partnership, a coalition of the electricity purchased. To help us reach net zero of like-minded companies that emissions across our value chain Accounting created a set of objectives and This approach has driven in 2030, we are partnering with Gather annual GHG emissions and help suppliers principles aiming to update hundreds of new renewable our suppliers to commit to understand the material activities leading to purchased electricity GHG energy projects onto grids Silicon Ranch Solar science-aligned GHG reduction those emissions. emissions accounting systems around the world. Since 2012, targets and to use 100% to better drive carbon reductions. Meta’s corporate procurement We've partnered with renewable energy for Meta- Target setting has galvanized more than Silicon Ranch, one of the related production and services. Engage collaboratively with suppliers to set GHG accounting standards 10 gigawatts (GW) of new largest independent power GHG reduction targets for 2025 and 2030 in provide the framework renewable energy, enough to producers in the U.S., By the end of 2026, we intend alignment with the science and the context of companies use to ensure the power more than 750,000 on 16 projects totaling to engage with suppliers that our business together. climate solutions they pursue homes. approximately 1,500 MW of represent at least two-thirds are credible and will meet new solar energy, including of our supplier spend budget Execution the criteria to be included in Focusing on the emissions 720 MW contracted in through: Work directly with suppliers to create corporate climate goals. impact of electricity generation Georgia and Tennessee in accountability, partnerships and executable action rather than comparing 2022. Silicon Ranch’s model plans in a supplier-specific, prioritized manner. To reduce emissions from megawatt-hours used vs of land management co- purchased electricity (Scope megawatt-hours purchased locates renewable energy 2), accounting standards and is critical to unlocking production with regenerative emissions calculation programs decarbonization at scale. agriculture practices. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 14

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Path to net zero Nature-based carbon removal mitigation potential. These projects are available now and technologies can offer durable begin sequestering carbon within carbon storage, especially the first years of implementation. geologic storage that is less These projects also address vulnerable to reversal. Supporting the multifaceted nature of a wide range of projects today climate change beyond carbon aligns with the urgency needed sequestration and can provide to address climate change. positive local impacts such as supporting community resilience Our carbon removal or increasing the ecological health projects: of a region. Photo courtesy of Western Rivers Conservancy • Demonstrate additionality. Removing what we will require carbon removal Emerging technologies like direct • Are designed and monitored Our strategy seeks to expand the restoration projects in California, can’t eliminate projects to reach our net air capture will be a necessary for durable carbon storage. voluntary carbon market toward Australia and Mexico. You can zero goal. complement to emissions • Support local livelihoods the types of high-quality projects read more about our carbon While our climate strategy reduction and nature-based to enable climate justice we value and that align with the removal projects here↗. prioritizes achieving significant Supporting a diverse portfolio removals in order for the world to and equity. highest environmental and social emission reductions, some of natural and technological reach a zero carbon future. These • Benefit the environment standards. In 2022, we supported emissions from hard-to-abate carbon removal projects is projects will require early demand by supporting biodiversity, agroforestry, improved forest sectors will remain difficult to essential to maximize near-term signals to scale and are in various habitat or water resources. management and ecological eliminate by 2030. Any residual climate impact while supporting stages of research, development, • Are quantified using existing emissions we cannot eliminate necessary carbon removal and deployment; nevertheless, standards and verified by a solutions for the future. many have a high global climate third party. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 15

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Responsible supply chain Our approach begins with form the basis of our RSC establishing clear expectations program. We work closely with Meta is part of a complex value with our suppliers through our our suppliers to help them build chain that touches lives and standards and policies. The internal capabilities to meet our communities around the globe. Responsible Business Alliance requirements and improve their Our Responsible Supply Chain (RBA) Code of Conduct↗, overall sustainability performance. (RSC)↗ program strives to Meta’s Anti-Slavery and Human empower workers and protect the Trafficking Statement↗ and environment — through open and Meta’s Conflict Minerals Policy↗ frequent communication with our suppliers; deep understanding of core sustainability issues; and initiatives that support safe, healthy and fair working conditions. Focusing on social and environmental responsibility within our supply chain enables us to protect workers; promote circularity; proactively identify, assess and mitigate risks to our business; and drive responsible manufacturing practices. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 16

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Responsible supply chain Developing our suppliers Our approach to supplier questionnaires and other types development is based on a of on-site assessments. For continuous improvement model, any identified areas of concern, working closely with suppliers we work with suppliers to to help them understand, prevent understand root causes, develop and mitigate risks in and to corrective action plans, and their business. assess closure. We use a risk-based methodology Throughout this process, to regularly assess suppliers’ ongoing supplier dialogue and social and environmental risks, engagement are key. We engage then engage with them to with suppliers in an array of build their capabilities to meet programs that aim to improve Meta’s expectations. We assess working conditions, support supplier conformance to the worker well-being, maximize RBA Code of Conduct and other resource efficiency, reduce Meta standards via independent environmental risks, and lead to third-party audits, supplier sustained progress. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 17

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Responsible supply chain Improving worker Ensuring health & safety We are focused on safe process policies and procedures in well-being chemical management by place to protect worker safety. Effectively protecting leveraging the RBA Industry Surveying tools, desktop reviews We are committed to improving Building on risk assessment Meta provides a variety of workers and the environment Focus Process Chemicals and in-person facility-level the working conditions and work conducted with suppliers, training programs for our in our supply chain means Policy↗. Working with key data assessments also support our sustained performance of in 2022 we also worked with a suppliers as a way to directly understanding and focusing center hardware and Reality suppliers in developing corrective Meta’s hardware supply chain by third-party consultant to evaluate support them and further enable on ways to mitigate the Labs supplier sites, we assessed actions and improvement plans. keeping workers at the core of how gender is integrated into our the business. For example, in environmental, health and safety what we do. core RSC standards and tools 2022, we enlisted the help of (EHS) risks associated with and developed programming and third-party experts to design and the activities our supply chain Through our Worker Well-being engagement opportunities with launch the Building a Respectful partners undertake on our behalf. program, we use surveying partners to bring more focus Workplace training program. tools, worker engagement, and to this issue. Making our RSC This program builds suppliers’ In 2022, we conducted an in- training and capability building to program more gender-responsive and workers’ understanding of depth questionnaire and on- understand workers’ needs and aligns with the United Nations harassment and discrimination site EHS risk assessment for perspectives. We engage directly Guiding Principles on Business in the workplace, including selected supplier sites based on with workers through mobile and Human Rights↗ and the gender-based vulnerabilities, and a prioritization exercise. This led surveys that provide insights into Organisation for Economic supports their capacity to identify to the development of practical key worker sentiment. Co-operation and Development and address these issues. toolkits to help suppliers and (OECD) Guidelines for Meta’s sourcing managers Multinational Enterprises↗. By Building a Respectful Workplace implement best practices for investing in programs centered engages all functions and levels managing the most common on equity and justice, we support of employees and cultivates EHS issues. a more resilient supply chain employee empowerment by for all. creating peer coaches who share learnings with their coworkers. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 18

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Responsible supply chain Responsible sourcing Addressing forced We also partner with external labor risks organizations to support holistic ALLOWING CUSTOMERS TO PURCHASE Meta recognizes that the extraction of raw materials — including approaches to address the root REFURBISHED PRODUCTS FOR OUR cassiterite, columbite-tantelite (coltan), wolframite and gold, Meta is opposed to all forms causes of forced labor in global and their derivatives tin, tantalum and tungsten (known as of human trafficking, slavery, supply chains. DEVICES DELIVERS THE SAME USER “3TG” or “conflict minerals”) — may contribute to armed conflict servitude, forced labor and all EXPERIENCE WHILE GIVING GENTLY USED and human rights abuses in certain high-risk contexts. We are other trafficking-related activities Collaborating for supply PRODUCTS NEW LIFE. chain excellence committed to the responsible sourcing of minerals used in our as noted in our 2023 Anti- consumer hardware products and expect our suppliers to share Slavery and Human Trafficking this commitment. Meta’s Conflict Minerals Policy↗ guides our Statement↗. Our statement Collaborating with external responsible minerals sourcing practices and expectations for includes information on preventing partners to develop solutions our suppliers. forced labor risks in our supply helps us advance our own chain, including risk assessment responsible supply chain and due diligence processes. work and amplify positive In 2022, we launched a new impact beyond our industry. course for Meta employees to Our key responsible supply increase internal awareness of chain partnerships include Meta's commitment, policies the Responsible Business and practices to prevent forced Alliance↗, the Responsible Labor labor risks in our business Initiative↗, the Responsible operations and supply chains. Minerals Initiative↗, and the Open Compute Project↗. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 19

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Creating healthy, sustainable workplaces While the way we look at We are targeting a 50% reduction the traditional office culture Our workplace sustainability in workplace carbon emissions has changed drastically, our program is focused on the in 2030 (from a 2019 baseline), commitment to providing following priorities: which we aim to achieve through workplaces that are healthy, the following reduction goals: safe and sustainable will not change. We focus equally • 32% reduction in office on the people inside our energy consumption. workplaces as the natural Climate Circularity environment around them. • 50% reduction in waste generated in office operations. Our approach to workplace sustainability is driven by • 35% reduction in employee climate action as well as Biodiversity Commitment commute emissions. promoting the health and well- being of our employees. • 40% reduction in embodied carbon of building materials and furniture. • 54% reduction in carbon intensity of culinary offering. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 20

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Creating healthy, sustainable workplaces We target third-party Meta has offices certified sustainability certifications by the following third-party across our global office portfolio certification programs: to ensure high-performance design and operations targeted • LEED rating system↗ at resource efficiency and provides a framework for occupant health. healthy, efficient and cost- saving green buildings. All Meta offices over 100,000 • Fitwel↗ provides a framework • WELL Health-Safety Rating↗ • GreenStar↗ is an Australian • ISO 50001 standard↗ square feet are required to be for healthy buildings focused provides a framework for green building rating system specifies requirements for LEED Gold or higher. on sustainable sites, exercise, facility operations and that provides a framework establishing, implementing, healthy foods, health management focused on for reducing climate change, maintaining and improving an 62 Meta office buildings programming, safety and preparing real estate assets enhancing health and quality energy management system. are LEED Certified (as of emergency preparedness. for critical health-safety of life, protecting biodiversity December 31, 2022). issues. and fostering resilience. 4 Meta offices are ISO 50001 10 Meta office buildings Certified (as of December 31, 9 Meta offices received LEED are Fitwel Certified (as of 177 Meta offices were WELL Meta’s Sydney office is 2022). Certifications in 2022. December 31, 2022). Health-Safety Rated in 2022 GreenStar Certified (as of (certification valid January December 31, 2022). 2022-January 2023). 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 21

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Setting the standard for data center sustainability Meta’s top 10 sustainability 4. Eliminate waste. Use less 7. Support electric vehicles. conserve energy and water, priorities for data centers stuff to begin with and Provide infrastructure to reduce waste, treat our land promote a zero-waste encourage carbon-free and communities with respect, 1. Push efficiency first. culture by reusing and transportation. responsibly source materials, Aim to drive energy recycling as much as we and provide healthy workspaces and water efficiencies can. 8. Measure and report for our people. Together, this with advanced IT and our impact. Track and comprehensive approach has mechanical, electrical and 5. Buy better products. report our environmental led to 100% of our operational plumbing design. Improve visibility into our impacts linked to data data center buildings earning, construction materials center construction and at minimum, LEED Gold 2. Use renewable energy. supply chain and source operations. certification. Continue supporting our building products that Meta's data centers are part of GHG emissions. Also responsible data centers with 100% have a low GHG footprint 9. Drive innovation. the global infrastructure that for the highest percentage of As we look to the future, we renewable energy. and safe chemistry. Experiment with new brings our current technologies Meta water use, operational have streamlined our approach technologies and build to life and supports immersive data centers rely on water for to data centers to a new 3. Be a good neighbor. 6. Boost wellness. Create social value by sharing experiences in the metaverse. evaporative cooling during architecture that we believe Minimize our impact to healthy, delightful our successes with the And, supported by 100% summers and humidification will be more cost-efficient and the land, air, water, noise workspaces that foster world. renewable energy, they are during winters. more flexible. This pivot in and atmosphere, and employee wellness and among the most advanced and design will set us up to support prioritize sustainability productivity. 10. Focus on impact. Stay efficient in the world. Our data We have a strong track record both artificial intelligence (AI) strategies most true to these principles. centers generate the highest incorporating design and and non-AI workloads at our important to a region’s percentage of our energy use and construction strategies that data centers. unique character. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 22

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Setting the standard for data center sustainability In our data centers, we’re focused low-carbon concrete options on reducing the embodied based on standardized criteria carbon, defined as the CO e and help us integrate these 2 generated by the manufacturing options into our data center and transporting of building design and construction program. materials and the construction process. To support efforts to Data center water efficiency scale the use of sustainable construction materials such Water is a key resource used in operating our data centers and as low-carbon concrete, Meta is used primarily for evaporative cooling during summers and became a sponsoring member of humidification during winters. Relative humidity, temperature the American Concrete Institute’s and airflow are three key factors to maintaining an ideal To date, we have certified 34 • One in Altoona, Iowa. Center of Excellence for Carbon operating environment for servers. LEED Gold or better data center Neutral Concrete↗ in 2022. This buildings, totaling over 22 • One in Papillion, Nebraska. partnership will enable us to vet In 2022, we tested increasing our data hall temperature million square feet. We are also from 85°F to 90°F at select pilot campuses. The preliminary a platinum member of the U.S. • One in North Huntsville, Alabama. results indicate a reduction of over 50% of our water use Green Building Council. In 2022, over the summer season, with little to no impact↗ to our data six of our new construction data • One in Eagle Mountain, Utah. center operations. center buildings, in the following locations, were awarded LEED • Two in Newton County, Georgia. Gold certification, totaling over 5 million square feet: 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 23

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Setting the standard for data center sustainability Integrating circularity To enable greater circularity In our data centers, we prioritize process and have landed within our supply chain, we SIMPLIFIED VIEW OF META’S APPROACH the use of post-consumer hundreds of new racks We believe evolving from linear focus on eliminating the use TO CIRCULARITY IN OUR DATA CENTERS recycled (PCR) plastics and containing reused components to circular production and of hazardous substances and recycled metal in our hardware within our fleet. The quality consumption is critical for a prioritizing the responsible and system design to enable a of the reused components better reality, which is why we takeback, reuse, and recycling more circular supply chain, and continues to show excellent have integrated circularity into of electronic equipment. Our thus, reduce the embedded results, with some of the our net zero emission strategy. Materials of Concern Standard Materials carbon in our hardware. oldest racks with the reused Recycle Limiting the use of new materials and Electronics Reuse and components already at two helps us prevent waste and Recycling Standard support Avoiding emissions in our years of age and continuing to avoids upstream emissions. safe and healthy environments upstream supply chain means perform well under real-world Beyond our operations, we see it for anyone who manufactures, Refurbish using less, where possible. To production workloads. We as our responsibility to use our uses or recycles Meta hardware. Supply chain achieve this, we are investing in expect to closely monitor the consumer hardware products, systems that will extend the life hardware health for all the racks family of apps and knowledge to Repair of our hardware and reusing as and iterate on our practices catalyze circularity in our industry many components as possible in moving forward. We have also and beyond. our data center production. extended the estimated average useful life of a majority of our Data center Since 2021, we have been servers from four to five years. validating the reliability and quality of reused components through a rigorous evaluation 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 24

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Setting the standard for data center sustainability Understanding the life cycle impact of data center components We cannot reduce what we embodied carbon estimates at do not measure. In 2022, the scale of the hundreds of we conducted Life Cycle millions of components in our Assessments (LCAs) on data center hardware. several data center hardware products and developed internal In 2022, the teams reached more visualization tools to identify than 90% coverage, meaning the highest carbon emitting there is primary data, an LCA, components of each product. or a modeled↗ value assigned to each asset. This dataset lays At the data center fleet level, the the foundation for value chain Sustainability, Physical Modeling, carbon reductions by helping us and Meta AI Systems and use less or choose low-carbon Machine Learning teams have options, engage suppliers, and partnered on a large-scale project drive value chain and system-level to develop and scale a dataset interventions in line with Meta’s containing the best available net zero strategy. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 25

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Understanding risks and opportunities Meta’s commitment to action on We work with • Partnerships. Meta amplified • Supply chain. climate adaptation and resilience our supply chain partners to its climate resilience initiatives includes: ensure they have the tools at COP27↗ by launching to identify and manage the PREPARE Call to • Operations. We integrate the climate risks they may Action on Adaptation↗ in climate risk and resilience face. Assessing resilience to partnership with the U.S. State assessment findings into key climate change is crucial to Department and U.S. Agency business decisions such as site guiding our efforts to ensure for International Development selection and infrastructure the people and communities alongside Microsoft, Google, development and partner with within our supply chain are Mastercard and others. We also local communities to enhance prepared for climate risks. supported the Resilience Hub↗ climate resilience. and organized a panel about • Apps and services. We the role of technology↗ in Building climate resilience Many of our emissions, Building community is at the • People. We also integrate worked with partners to building climate resilience. energy, water and biodiversity heart of accelerating resilience climate risk and resilience into help launch our first Climate We conduct ongoing climate- initiatives promote community and adapting to climate change. our employee preparedness Science Literacy Initiative. Its related risk and opportunity climate resilience. And by Meta technologies reach 3 billion programs to provide proactive goal is to pre-bunk climate assessments to help us take sharing the insights we gain people globally, including some actions employees and their misinformation by running ads the right measures to build with our local partners — and of the communities most on the households can take to be across our apps and services our company’s and our world’s vice versa — we can further frontlines of climate change. more prepared for climate- that feature five of the most resilience to changes that are increase opportunities for related, natural and other common techniques used to already happening. communities to build resilience hazards we may face. misrepresent climate change. for themselves. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 26

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Respecting biodiversity We promote biodiverse habitats in all phases of data center development through minimizing our footprint, consolidating construction to preserve sensitive or ecologically unique habitats, and intentionally restoring and enhancing native habitats in landscape design. To date, we have preserved and planned over 3,400 acres of native habitat across 20 North American data centers — representing 58% of Rapid climate change threatens our existing data center fleet A 40-acre native pollinator habitat restoration project at our the rich variety of living footprint. In addition to habitat Huntsville, Alabama, data center got underway in early 2023. This organisms on our planet. The benefits, these landscapes project includes a native genome rare plant nursery, in which we loss of biodiversity has critical provide inexpensive carbon sink, will grow our own seeds to expand the restoration. implications for humanity, from soil stabilization, as well as water- the collapse of food chains and efficient and climate-resilient health systems to the disruption solutions over traditional sod or of entire supply chains. ornamental landscape options. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 27

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Respecting biodiversity Protecting wildlife Meta’s policies help prevent illegal wildlife trafficking from happening on our platforms. Our Meta’s Commerce Policies↗ Cross-sector collaboration and Community Standards↗ strictly prohibit the sale of live animals industry partnerships are crucial prohibit content depicting, or animal parts. We rely on a in our efforts to combat illegal admitting or promoting criminal combination of community wildlife sales online. Since 2018, acts including poaching or selling reports, technology and human we have belonged to the Coalition endangered species or their parts. review to remove violating to End Wildlife Trafficking content. These policies align with Online↗, working with external When a user searches a hashtag the Convention on International organizations to help scale our associated with harmful behavior Trade in Endangered Species impact in this area, including the to animals, such as #tigerselfie or (CITES)↗ Appendix I. World Wildlife Fund (WWF)↗, #elephantivory, an advisory will the International Fund for Animal warn them about these dangers Although we have made Welfare (IFAW)↗, TRAFFIC↗, and provide an opportunity to significant progress in recent and other leading businesses. learn more. We will sometimes years, this is a rapidly evolving permanently block specific space, with traders constantly hashtags on Instagram known to adapting and obfuscating their be related to endangered species tactics to circumvent our policies to prevent users from searching and fool detection systems. for or creating them on the platform. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 28

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index What we create Meta was born to innovate, ask questions and build products that enable people to We create solutions that change and grow. connect people not only with each other but also with resources, information, tools and opportunities. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 29

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Product circularity In 2022, we advanced the • Increasing the use of • Completing LCAs for our sustainability of our products by: sustainable materials in our products and accessories products and packaging. — including Meta Quest • Transitioning segments 2, Meta Quest Pro, and of our logistics network • Extending the life of products, Ray-Ban Stories — to to lower-carbon modes of parts and equipment through find opportunities for transit, such as ocean freight, refurbishment, reuse and our improvement so that we leading to over 47,000 metric extended warranty program can quantify and reduce the tons of carbon emissions offering. carbon footprint of the next reduction compared to the generation of these products transportation impact of total A refurbished Quest 2 is even further. Minimizing the environmental We have operationalized our and recycle; using sustainable Quest 2 units shipped in 2021. estimated to produce

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Elevating accurate information Misinformation thrives in the discussions across our apps. Our platforms extend access to We take any misinformation on We don’t recommend content or • Launched the Climate absence of good information. Much of that expression and information and empower users our platforms seriously, which approve ads that have been rated Info Finder↗ tool enables We focus on slowing the debate is essential to building to take action through tools like is why we partner with our false by one of our fact-checking people to search for trusted spread of misinformation by consensus and finding solutions the Climate Info Finder Tool and industry-leading network of partners, and we take action↗ information about climate amplifying reliable content and to climate change. That’s why we the Climate Science Center. We more than 90 independent fact- against Pages, Groups, accounts change and link to this directing users to authoritative take a comprehensive approach have fully expanded the Climate checking organizations to review and domains that repeatedly content directly in comment information. to climate-related content↗ that Science Center to all countries, and rate climate-related content share false claims about climate threads educates and informs people attracting more than 18 million in more than 60 languages. science. Critical challenges like climate with accurate information while followers. • Partnered with Monash change lead to complex addressing misinformation. Our fact-checking partners review Elevating the facts about Climate Change How we fight climate and rate a wide range of climate- climate change Communication Research misinformation related claims, including false Hub↗, Cambridge Social information that outside experts The Climate Science Center↗ is a Decision-Making Laboratory↗ Misinformation makes up a small say undermines the existence dedicated space on Facebook for and Yale Program on Climate amount of the overall climate- or impacts of climate change, factual resources from the world’s Change Communication↗ related content on our apps, and misrepresents scientific data and leading climate organizations and on our new Climate Science climate change misinformation mischaracterizes mitigation and actionable steps people can take Literacy Initiative↗. makes up a very low percentage adaptation efforts. in their everyday lives to combat of total misinformation. Still, that climate change. In 2022, we: misinformation can spike when When fact-checkers rate content the conversation about climate as false, we add a warning label • Fully expanded the Climate change is elevated, such as during and reduce the visibility of that Science Center globally, extreme weather events. content so fewer people see it. attracting more than 18 million followers from 243 countries and territories. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 31

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Elevating accurate information Recognizing the Science Feedback (France) will kickstart a new African Verificat (Spain) PolitiFact (United States) recipients of our climate Wikipedia Task Force on Climate misinformation grant The organization will create a Disinformation to debunk climate Fact-checkers Verificat, solution In partnership with MediaWise portal where fact-checkers are denialism and delayism. providers Kinzen, and experts and Climate Nexus, PolitiFact In partnership with the able to submit claims, content from the C3 Centre for Climate will create an information loop International Fact-Checking or topics for expert verification Demagog Association Change at Rovira and Virgili that starts with Climate Nexus to Network (IFCN) and an and input. (Poland) University will join forces surface possible misinformation. independent six-member to increase the capacity to judging panel of climate domain Fact Crescendo (India) In partnership with Crazy understand and expose climate USA Today (United States) experts, we launched the $1 Nauka, Defence24 sp. z o. o. and misinformation in podcasting. million Climate Misinformation In partnership with the Water, Energetyka24.com, Demagog USA Today is collaborating with Grant↗ to fund partnerships and Climate and Hazard (WATCH) Association’s project features a elDetector de Univision the Society Library to enhance proposals from fact-checkers, Division of Aaranyak, Fact chatbot created by experts and Noticias (United States) the work of fact-checkers by climate organizations and Crescendo will debunk myths journalists working to address introducing the companion solution providers working to and translate explanations of climate misinformation. In partnership with López- discipline of context-checking as combat false and misleading environmental misinformation Wagner Strategies, Univision part of a dedicated, open-source information about climate into local languages. Factual.ro (Romania) Noticias’ elDetector will combat training program. change. We received applications misinformation about climate from around the world. Of the 30 Code for Africa/PesaCheck In collaboration with change for Spanish-language global semifinalists, representing (Kenya) InfoClima.ro and REPER21, speaking audiences. 71 entities, nine grantees were Factual.ro is launching a selected in 2022: Driven by a team of dedicated framework that brings the Wikipedians-in-Residence, resources, experience and who will be embedded with expertise of an IFCN signatory partner newsrooms, PesaCheck and five different environmental organizations together. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 32

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Helping small businesses grow sustainably Meta provides many resources SMBs make up 99.7% of all EU From on-demand training to to help small and medium-sized enterprises↗, and 66% of total tips for sharing their unique business (SMB) owners build EU employment. Although SMBs sustainability story, Guide to customer relationships and reach drive economic growth and Green is designed to help SMBs new audiences on our platforms. development, they also have a drive climate change while Meta Boost Guide to Green↗ high environmental footprint, growing their business. helps these businesses grow accounting for up to 70% of EU sustainably. industrial pollution↗. The Guide expanded further Given that 77% of EMEA across Europe in 2022. In consumers consider how collaboration with the SME sustainable a brand is before Climate Hub↗, Legambiente↗ trying it, embracing the green and Giovani Imprenditori transition is an important step for Confcommercio↗, the Guide to the future of small businesses. Green helps SMBs take climate action and reduce their carbon footprint, with a particular focus on restaurants, hotels and food producers. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 33

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Helping small businesses grow sustainably Elevating climate creators Creators are at the forefront of a business, and earn a living. Our a movement that allows more investments empower creators individuals to make an impact with the cutting-edge tools, with their content. More and education and resources needed more, people create and consume to build creative and financial culture through the individual success — now and in the future. creators they follow, including their favorite influencers, artists, Meta Sustainability has worked video creators, public figures, with climate creators since 2021, journalists and athletes. beginning with the Climate Talks podcast, hosted by climate Meta is uniquely positioned to advocate Sophia Li. In 2022, support the growing creator Meta hosted the first-ever community by helping all types Climate Talks Salon for climate of creators tell their stories, build creators in New York City. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 34

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index How we collaborate Partnerships enable us to scale positive impact. It will take everyone working researchers, local utilities, together to make the systems- community nonprofits, suppliers level changes required for a and every one of our thousands better reality: world-class experts of employees. in sustainability and social issues, climate leaders, academic 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 35

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Employee engagement The success of our sustainability program depends on having Enabling employees to track their climate action our Metamate voices at the table. We invite all employees In 2022, Meta piloted a partnership with Climate Club↗ to to join our year-round efforts by enable Scope 3 GHG emissions reductions program with the participating in executive Q&A support of employee advocates. sessions, educational training, local Green@ chapters or climate- In January 2023, we launched an app to track office food and focused hackathons. waste reductions to a group of 500 employees. This program helped our employees understand the collective impact individual actions can have. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 36

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Carbon removal partners for impact AMONG THE WAYS WE ARE DRIVING CARBON REMOVAL IS THROUGH COLLABORATION WITH LIKE-MINDED In 2022, we announced a joint COMPANIES TO CREATE RAPID CHANGE AT SCALE. $925 million commitment↗ alongside Stripe, Shopify, McKinsey Sustainability, and Through 1t.org, the National only protect and sequester Alphabet to accelerate the Indian Carbon Coalition↗ and carbon, reduce climate impacts, development of carbon removal Meta are joining together in and increase climate resilience technologies by guaranteeing a pledge↗ to support land but also honor and center the future demand. restoration and promote a model relationship between Indigenous of carbon projects that centers communities and their land. We are engaged with the on the leadership, traditional Business Alliance to Scale ecological knowledge, and Climate Solutions↗, which vision of Indigenous Peoples for provides a platform for us to themselves and the land they meet with other businesses and care for. Such an approach uses climate experts and act together these elements as the compass to improve climate solutions. to develop projects that not Photo courtesy of TIST 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 37

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Collective action to reach water positive in 2030 IN 2022, OUR WATER RESTORATION PROJECTS RETURNED 621 MILLION GALLONS OF WATER TO 2022 water data (in cubic meters) HIGH AND MEDIUM WATER STRESSED REGIONS. 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Water 1,609,000 2,367,000 3,430,000 3,726,000 5,042,564 4,893,023 Minimizing water use, being Withdrawal transparent with our water data, Water 838,000 1,279,000 1,971,000 2,202,000 2,568,849 2,638,188 and restoring water in high water- Consumption stressed regions are key pillars of Water - 132,000 145,000 2,250,000 2,335,672 2,351,562 our water stewardship program. Restoration We are committed to becoming water positive by 2030, when we the source water consumed Since 2017, we have funded or will restore more water to the in our operations and are supported more than 25 water environment than we consume for verified by independent third- restoration projects in eight our global operations. To achieve party experts, applying industry watersheds where we operate. this goal, Meta will restore 200% standard methodologies. Working Once all projects are online and of the water we consume in with local organizations and fully implemented, they will high water-stressed areas, and utilities, we invest in water restore 1.9 billion gallons of water 100% of the water we consume restoration projects in water- annually. In 2022, the operational in medium water-stressed areas. stressed regions that also provide restoration projects returned 621 Our water restoration projects co-benefits such as supporting million gallons (2,351,562 cubic in water-stressed regions always local water supply or restoring meters) of water to high and have a hydrological connection to local habitats and wildlife. medium water stressed regions. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 38

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Collective action to reach water positive in 2030 Wildcat Marsh Jicarilla Apache Nation Colorado River Indian Tribes Drip Irrigation Wetlands like Wildcat Marsh The Jicarilla Apache Nation Through Bonneville Project southeast of Dallas are home (the Nation), located in north- Environmental Foundation, to a variety of wildlife and central New Mexico, has more Meta contributed funding Scarce water and increasing provide many benefits such as than 45,000 acre-feet of settled toward an historic Water Sharing federal cutbacks fuel the need erosion control, flood control water rights in the San Juan Agreement that allows the to optimize water efficiency in and improved water quality. For River basin that are used for New Mexico Interstate Stream Arizona, where agriculture is this project, Meta is supporting cultural practices, domestic Commission to lease up to critical to the economy of the Ducks Unlimited and the Texas supply, environmental uses, and 20,000-acre feet of water per Colorado River Indian Tribes Parks and Wildlife Department to economic development. For year (for 10 years) from the (CRIT). We are partnering with create a new wetland spanning the last several decades, the Nation to benefit threatened and CRIT and N-Drip Technology to 63 acres within the Richland Nation leased water to coal fired endangered fish and increase replace flood irrigation with drip Creek Wildlife Management Area. power plants that are now facing water security for New Mexico. irrigation that reduces water Collective action This will improve fish and wildlife closure. This transition presented usage, evaporation and runoff habitat as well as improve the a new opportunity for the Nation, by providing water directly to In 2022, Meta joined the UN CEO the Water Resilience Coalition↗, quality of water being released the New Mexico Interstate the soil slowly. A pilot project Water Mandate↗, a UN Global a cross-sector initiative to raise back to the Trinity River. The Stream Commission, and The resulted in water savings from Compact initiative that mobilizes the ambition of corporate water Wildcat Marsh project is expected Nature Conservancy to work 30% to 52% and is predicted to business leaders on water, stewardship and foster collective to restore 12.9 million gallons of together. restore 96.5 million gallons of sanitation, and UN SDG 6, Clean impact in priority basins. water per year. water per year. Water & Sanitation, as well as 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 39

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Driving climate policy Climate action is critical to Meta also acknowledges that This includes membership in the viewed as an endorsement cooperation at COP↗ is critical, achieving a sustainable economy comprehensive and well-designed Clean Energy Buyers Alliance of every policy position that which is why we have prioritized and protecting our planet. We are climate and clean energy policy is (CEBA), Advanced Energy United individual organizations or their our engagement on the global working internally to decarbonize central to transitioning to a future (AEU), American Council on leadership take. stage, and Meta is proud of its our operations and supply that avoids the worst impacts Renewable Energy (ACORE), longstanding relationship with chain and reduce our overall of climate change. We actively Center for Climate and Energy We believe that for Meta to reach the United Nations Framework environmental footprint. work with policy makers, partner Solutions (C2ES), European our own net zero emissions goal Convention on Climate Change organizations, trade groups and Climate Pact, and Asia Clean in 2030, we need governments (UNFCCC). industry peers to advance climate Energy Coalition (ACEC). Our around the world to move toward and clean energy policies. memberships should not be a net zero economy. Global 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 40

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Sharing climate insights In addition to elevating climate The survey found: • People everywhere think We hope the findings will be experts’ voices across our climate change should be used to inform policy decisions platform, we also invest in • The majority of people in a high priority for their and priorities for governments, proprietary research that helps nearly all countries said government. Majorities in especially in many countries inform our approach to amplifying that they were “somewhat most countries in North and where surveys of this sort have climate content. In 2022, we worried” or “very worried” South America say it should not taken place before. completed our biggest ever about climate change. be a “very high” priority. global survey analyzing public The findings should also be views toward climate change • Most people say their country • A majority in almost all valuable for researchers around in partnership with researchers should reduce pollution areas surveyed think action the world, as well as a resource at the Yale Program on Climate causing climate change, to reduce climate change to inform public information or Change Communication↗. either on their own or if other will either improve or have awareness raising campaigns countries also do so. However, no negative impact on the by activists and NGOs, and The survey asked more than people have different views on economy. help journalists with nationally 100,000 Facebook users from who is primarily responsible relevant data. nearly 200 countries and for reducing pollution — • People support using more territories about their knowledge majorities in 43 countries renewable energy and less Already, the Social Progress of — and attitudes and behavior said their government is fossil fuels. About 9 in 10 Imperative↗ has used data from toward — climate change issues, responsible, 42 countries said people in Hungary, Portugal the 2022 survey to develop a and what should be done to individual people, and 25 said and Spain think their country new Climate Perception Index, address them. businesses. should use somewhat or which will serve as a tool to much more renewable energy. better understand the societal implications of climate change and enable policy makers to deliver tangible positive outcomes for their citizens. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 41

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Looking ahead Our mission is to give people the power to build community and bring the world closer together. We build tools to empower people to create positive change in their lives and in the lives of others. We invite you to stay connected and join us on about.meta.com/actions/responsible- business-practices↗, sustainability.fb.com↗, facebook.com/sustainability↗ on Facebook and @metasustainability↗ on Instagram. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 42

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Data index 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 43

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Forward looking statements This report covers only Meta’s accepted accounting principles, topics that reflect Meta’s This report contains forward- statements largely on our Any one of those factors, business and does not address continue to evolve, and may be significant economic, social looking statements. All current expectations and including as the result of changes the performance or operations based on assumptions believed and environmental impacts or statements contained in this projections about future events in circumstances, estimates of our suppliers, contractors or to be reasonable at the time of that substantially influence the report other than statements and trends that we believe may that turn out to be incorrect, partners. Statements regarding preparation but may be subject to assessments and decisions of a of historical fact, including affect our financial condition, standards of measurement that targets, goals and commitments revision. This report has not been diverse set of stakeholders. We statements regarding our future results of operations, business change over time, assumptions are aspirational and may also externally assured or verified by are not using these terms as they results of operations and financial strategy, short-term and long- not being realized, or other risks be based on estimates and an independent third party unless are used under the securities or position, our business strategy term business operations and or uncertainties, could cause assumptions under developing otherwise noted. This report other laws of the United States or and plans, and our objectives objectives, and financial needs. our actual results, including the standards that may change in the represents Meta’s current policy any other jurisdiction or as these for future operations, as well achievement of targets, goals or future. As such, no guarantees and intent and is not intended to terms are used in the context statements regarding targets, Especially with respect to the commitments, to differ materially or promises are made that create legal rights or obligations. of financial statements and goals and commitments, are matters discussed in this report, from those expressed or implied they will be met or successfully financial reporting. This report forward-looking statements. many factors and uncertainties in writing in any forward-looking executed, and actual results In this report, our use of the is not comprehensive, and for The words “believe,” “may,” relating to our operations and statements made by Meta or on may differ, possibly materially. terms “material,” “materiality” that reason, should be read in “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” business environment, all of its behalf. In addition, data, statistics and and other similar terms is conjunction with our most recent “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” which are difficult to predict and metrics included in this report consistent with that of GRI, Annual Report on Form 10-K, our and similar expressions are many of which are outside of our are non-audited estimates, SASB, TCFD and other standards subsequent reports on Forms intended to identify forward- control, influence whether any not necessarily prepared in referenced in the preparation 10-Q and 8-K and other filings looking statements. We have forward-looking statements can accordance with generally of this report, or refers to made with the Securities and based these forward-looking or will be achieved. Exchange Commission (SEC). 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 44

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Forward looking statements We describe these risks and We also caution that the Such links or references are not uncertainties in our SEC filings, important factors referenced incorporated by reference to this including our most recent therein may not include all of report, and we can provide no Annual Report on Form 10-K the factors that are important assurance as to their accuracy. and our subsequent reports on to readers. Our forward-looking The use or inclusion of the Forms 10-Q and 8-K, as well as, statements speak only as of information is also not intended with respect to targets, goals the date of this report or as of to represent endorsements of and commitments outlined in the date they are made, and we any apps and services. this report or elsewhere, the undertake no obligation to update challenges and assumptions this report to reflect subsequent that are either identified in this events or circumstances, except report or that we are unable to as required by law. Given these foresee at this time. We cannot risks and uncertainties, readers assure that the results reflected are cautioned not to place undue or implied by any forward-looking reliance on such forward-looking statement will be realized or, statements. even if substantially realized, that those results will have This report may contain links the forecasted or expected to other internet sites or consequences and effects. references to third parties. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 45

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Environmental footprint 1.1 GHG emissions 1,2,3,4,5 Greenhouse gas intensity Total GHG emissions Market-based Scope 1 & 2 emissions (in metric tons CO2e/unit of key performance indicators) Market-based (in metric tons CO2e) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 GHG intensity per 0.00029 0.00015 0.00008 0.00001 0.00002 0.00002 monthly active person Net total 1,096,000 1,008,000 4,330,000 4,984,000 5,740,244 8,453,471 GHG intensity per million USD of revenue - - - - 0.49 0.58 Carbon removal (carbon - - - 145,000 90,000 80,000 credits applied) 7 GHG intensity per MWh - - - - 0.0061 0.0058 Total 1,096,000 1,008,000 4,330,000 5,129,000 5,830,244 8,533,471 Scope 1 25,000 42,000 44,000 29,000 55,173 66,934 1. Prior to 2021, values were rounded and totals were calculated before rounding throughout this report. 2. “Other data center-related facilities” includes facilities where Meta used less than 100,000 MWh of electricity in the reporting year, such as Percent of total GHG 2% 4% 1% 1% 1% 1% warehouses or colocation facilities. Owned, online data centers are always reported by site, even if they were below this threshold. emissions (Scopes 1-3) 3. Meta’s methodology for calculating greenhouse gas emissions can be found on page 57. Scope 2 591,000 314,000 208,000 9,000 2,487 273 4. Prior to 2018, Scope 3 emissions included only business travel, employee commute and construction. Meta includes emissions from all relevant categories in Scope 3 for reporting years 2019 to the present. Percent of total GHG 54% 31% 5%

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Environmental footprint Operational GHG emissions Market-based Scope 1 & 2 emissions (in metric tons CO2e)6 (Continued) Market-based Scope 1 & 2 emissions (in metric tons CO2e)6 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Prineville, OR 239,000 137,000 1,000 3,000 3,862 4,501 Total operational GHG 616,000 356,000 252,000 38,000 57,661 67,207 Leased data center 98,000 102,000 188,000 - 25 72 emissions facilities Data centers total 568,000 314,000 207,000 14,000 25,240 22,163 Other data center- 40,000 17,000 4,000 2,000 40 166 related facilities Altoona, IA 1,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 2,118 920 Offices total 48,000 42,000 44,000 24,000 32,421 45,044 Clonee, Ireland

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Environmental footprint Market-based vs. Location-based Scope 2 emissions (in metric tons CO2e) 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Market-based Location-based Market-based Location-based Market-based Location-based Market-based Location-based Market-based Location-based Total facilities GHG emissions 314,000 1,241,000 205,000 1,885,000 9,000 2,718,000 2,487 3,080,194 273 3,921,611 Data centers total 308,000 1,181,000 197,000 1,813,000 2,000 2,650,000 2,487 2,987,964 273 3,821,450 Altoona, IA - 346,000 - 483,000 - 555,000 - 425,377 - 474,826 Clonee, Ireland - 82,000 - 143,000 - 159,000 - 187,475 - 178,367 Dekalb, IL - - - - - - - 2,122 - 8,087 Eagle Mountain, UT - - - - - - - 62,962 - 145,985 Forest City, NC 52,000 201,000 8,000 208,000 - 202,000 - 165,026 - 143,754 Fort Worth, TX - 212,000 - 295,000 - 399,000 - 378,198 - 355,696 Gallatin, TN - - - - - - - - - 2,664 Richmond, VA 137,000 - - 3,000 - 69,000 - 146,396 - 204,494 Huntsville, AL - - - - - - - 32,464 - 156,885 Los Lunas, NM - 12,000 - 135,000 - 266,000 - 276,795 - 347,033 Lueleå, Sweden - 7,000 - 6,000 - 7,000 - 3,917 - 2,782 New Albany, OH - - - 20,000 - 157,000 - 229,785 - 335,561 Newton County, GA - - - - - - - 84,402 - 258,773 Odense, Denmark - 1,000

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Environmental footprint Scope 2 emissions (in metric tons CO2e) (Continued) 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Market-based Location-based Market-based Location-based Market-based Location-based Market-based Location-based Market-based Location-based Prineville, OR - 145,000 - 167,000 - 200,000 - 245,996 - 284,462 Leased data center facilities 102,000 128,000 188,000 193,000 - 223,000 - 272,848 - 323,060 Other data center-related facilities 17,000 44,000 1,000 41,000 2,000 62,000 - 93,354 - 91,364 Offices total 6,000 60,000 8,000 72,000 7,000 68,000 - 92,230 - 100,160 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 49

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Environmental footprint Value chain GHG emissions Scope 3 emissions (in Metric Tons CO2e) (Continued) Scope 3 emissions (in Metric Tons CO2e) 1, 5, 7, 8 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Category 9: Downstream Transportation and - - 5,000 10,000 37 16 Total 480,000 652,000 4,078,000 5,091,000 5,772,583 8,466,264 Distribution 5 Category 1: Purchased Of Total (in %) - -

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Environmental footprint 2.1 Electricity Electricity consumption by facility (in MWh) (Continued) Electricity consumption 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Electricity consumption by facility (In MWh) Papillion, NE - 5,000 178,000 519,000 736,810 1,007,635 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Prineville, OR 426,000 488,000 573,000 686,000 898,409 982,177 Total electricity 2,462,000 3,427,000 5,140,000 7,170,000 9,420,839 11,508,131 Leased data center facilities 359,000 432,000 647,000 795,000 964,650 1,105,834 consumption Other data center-related 135,000 133,000 113,000 206,000 249,843 256,939 Electricity from grid (%) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% facilities Data centers total 2,360,000 3,245,000 4,918,000 6,966,000 9,117,122 11,167,416 Offices Total 102,000 181,000 222,000 204,000 303,717 340,657 Altoona, IA 500,000 612,000 853,000 980,000 950,705 1,043,606 Electricity intensity (in MWh/unit of key performance indicators) Clonee, Ireland 1,000 200,000 382,000 487,000 634,648 668,290 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Dekalb, IL - - - - 4,724 16,934 Electricity intensity per - - - - 0.0026 0.0031 monthly active person Eagle Mountain, UT - - - - 229,946 504,049 Electricity intensity per million USD revenue - - - - 79.9 98.7 Forest City, NC 433,000 547,000 614,000 595,000 580,842 492,786 Electricity mix (in % of total electricity used) Fort Worth, TX 189,000 461,000 695,000 941,000 1,014,447 959,419 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Gallatin, TN - - - - 0 6,264 Renewable 51% 75% 86% 100% 100% 100% Richmond, VA - - 10,000 204,000 515,270 701,003 Non-renewable 49% 25% 14% 0% 0% 0% Huntsville, AL - - - - 85,286 368,841 2.2 Total energy consumed Los Lunas, NM - 26,000 289,000 571,000 717,932 929,488 Energy consumption (in GJ)5 Luleå, Sweden 301,000 337,000 373,000 369,000 306,054 267,471 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 New Albany, OH - - 38,000 270,000 511,414 702,694 Total energy consumption - - - 27,075,000 34,882,163 42,560,221 Newton County, GA - - - - 215,279 636,266 Direct energy consumption - - - 438,000 853,042 1,138,794 Odense, Denmark - 4,000 128,000 343,000 500,863 517,718 Indirect energy - - - 26,638,000 34,029,121 41,421,428 consumption 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 51

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Environmental footprint 2.3 Fuels 5. In the 2022 reporting year, several updates to reporting were applied to the 2021 and later inventories Fuel consumption 5 (a) Data from life cycle assessments for our hardware and sold products were used to calculate our Scope 3 emissions. (b) 2021 Category 1, 2, 8, & 11 emissions were recalculated with higher quality data inputs to improve accuracy. (c) All Scope 3 categories were broken out individually to improve transparency and eliminate the previously reported “Other Applicable Categories” 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 (d) Emissions associated with 3rd party construction related energy usage were recategorized into Category 1 instead of Category 3 to better align with the GHG Protocol Scope 3 Category Boundaries Natural gas (therms) - - - - 6,153,856 7,539,592 (e) Emissions associated with overhead electricity load at leased data centers was recategorized into Category 8 Instead of Category 3 to better align with the GHG Protocol Scope 3 Category Boundaries Diesel — diesel fuel (gal) - - - - 363,082 1,376,871 (f) 2021 Category 6 emissions were recalculated to incorporate more accurate and transparent methodologies for applying sustainable aviation fuel Diesel — distillate fuel oil emissions reductions No.4 (gal) - - - - 842,460 724,151 (g) 2021 Total Fuel and Energy Consumption were recalculated to eliminate 3rd party construction-related fuel use outside of Meta’s Operational Control Gasoline (gal) - - - - 52,375 119,955 Propane (gal) - - - - 0 0 Renewable fuels Hydrotreated vegetable oil - - - - 0 0 (gal) 2.4 Data center operations and design Power usage effectiveness (PUE) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 PUE (data center energy 1.10 1.11 1.11 1.10 1.09 1.08 efficiency) Sustainable design Green building standards for data centers and offices (% of sq ft covered by green building standards and/or EnMS) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total - - - - 98% 99% Data centers (LEED Gold or - - - - 100% 100% above, or ISO 50001) Offices (LEED Gold or - - - - 97% 98% above, or ISO 50001) 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 52

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Environmental footprint 3.1 Water withdrawal 9 Water withdrawal by facility (in cubic meters) Water withdrawal 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Water withdrawal by facility (in cubic meters) Leased data center facilities 473,000 533,000 1,011,000 645,000 603,629 772,921 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Other data center-related 85,000 264,000 54,000 42,000 197 0 facilities Total water withdrawal 1,609,000 2,367,000 3,430,000 3,726,000 5,042,564 4,893,023 Offices total 470,000 631,000 699,000 726,000 1,624,773 1,275,021 Data centers total 1,139,000 1,730,000 2,731,000 3,000,000 3,417,791 3,618,003 Water withdrawal by source Altoona, IA 106,000 139,000 145,000 151,000 140,231 199,378 Water withdrawal by source (in cubic meters) Clonee, Ireland 10,000 188,000 395,000 615,000 927,914 838,654 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Dekalb, IL - - - - 0 29,659 Total water withdrawal 1,609,000 2,367,000 3,430,000 3,726,000 5,042,564 4,893,023 Eagle Mountain, UT - - - - 57,701 89,366 From surface water - - - - 0 0 Forest City, NC 129,000 99,000 85,000 68,000 64,053 62,853 From groundwater - - - 37,000 33,285 37,343 Fort Worth, TX 98,000 269,000 322,000 300,000 253,520 346,115 From seawater - - - - 0 0 Gallatin, TN - - - - 0 0 From produced water - - - - 0 0 Richmond, VA - - - 42,000 80,478 54,994 From third-party water (e.g. municipal water supply) - - - 3,689,000 5,009,279 4,855,680 Huntsville, AL - - - - 38,520 103,501 Water usage effectiveness (WUE) Los Lunas, NM - 25,000 92,000 140,000 152,666 161,436 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Luleå, Sweden 66,000 53,000 58,000 49,000 38,922 25,358 Annual data center WUE 0.24 0.27 0.27 0.30 0.26 0.20 New Albany, OH - - 33,000 35,000 121,194 87,413 Newton County, GA - - - - 105,121 77,203 9. Not included in Meta’s 2022 water withdrawal numbers are an additional 1,780,000 cubic meters of water withdrawn for the construction of Meta data centers. Odense, Denmark - - 266,000 360,000 373,355 427,937 Papillion, NE - - 62,000 108,000 106,339 100,912 Prineville, OR 172,000 160,000 208,000 445,000 353,951 240,302 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 53

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Environmental footprint Water withdrawal intensity (in cubic meters/unit of key performance indicators) Water consumption from areas with water stress (in cubic meters) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Water withdrawal per 0.000755 0.001020 0.001200 0.001130 0.001405 0.001308 Total water consumption 838,000 1,279,000 1,971,000 2,202,000 2,568,849 2,638,188 monthly active person Water withdrawal per From areas with high or million USD revenue - - - - 42.8 42.0 extremely high baseline - - - - 162,477 443,150 water stress Water withdrawal from areas with water stress (in cubic meters) From areas without water - - - - 2,406,372 2,195,038 stress 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 3.3 Water discharge Total water withdrawal 1,609,000 2,367,000 3,430,000 3,726,000 5,042,564 4,893,023 Water discharge by source (in cubic meters) From areas with high or extremely high baseline - - - - 1,390,166 1,130,181 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 water stress From areas without water Total water discharge - - - 1,524,000 2,473,716 2,254,835 stress - - - - 3,652,398 3,762,843 To surface water - - - - 0 0 Recycled water (in cubic meters) To groundwater - - - - 0 0 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 To seawater - - - - 0 0 Total water recycled 469,000 673,000 854,000 643,000 580,223 265,906 To third-party water (e.g. municipal sewers) - - - 1,524,000 2,473,716 2,254,835 3.2 Water consumption Water consumption (in cubic meters) Water discharge to areas with water stress (in cubic meters) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total water consumption 838,000 1,279,000 1,971,000 2,202,000 2,568,849 2,638,188 Total water discharge - - - 1,524,000 2,473,716 2,254,835 Data centers total - - - 2,197,000 162,477 2,510,686 To areas with water stress - - - - 863,836 687,031 To areas without water - - - - 1,609,879 1,567,804 Offices total - - - 73,000 2,406,372 127,502 stress 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 54

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Environmental footprint 3.4 Water stewardship Water restoration (in cubic meters) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Volumetric water restoration - 132,000 145,000 2,250,000 2,335,672 2,351,562 benefits Progress on 2030 net positive water goal (in cubic meters) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total water consumption 838,000 1,279,000 1,971,000 2,202,000 2,569,000 2,638,000 Total water restored - 132,000 145,000 2,250,000 2,335,672 2,351,562 Water use embedded in purchased electricity (In cubic meters) 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Embedded consumption in purchased electricity - - - - - 31,923,969 41,172,356 location-based Embedded consumption in purchased electricity - - - - - 3,312,616 2,894,787 market-based Avoided water consumption - - - - 28,611,342 38,277,569 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 55

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Environmental methodology At Meta, our sustainability work helps us to operate efficiently and responsibly in our mission to build SCOPE 1 EMISSIONS • Stationary combustion (e.g., natural gas consumed at our Menlo community and bring the world closer together. As a global company, we recognize the tech industry’s Direct emissions from our Park campus for heating) environmental impact and role to play in addressing climate change. We embrace the responsibility to data centers, offices and understand the full scope of our footprint and be transparent and accountable in our mission to reduce transportation fleet • Mobile combustion (e.g., diesel emissions from our intercampus shuttles) our emissions. • Fugitive emissions (e.g., refrigerant losses) Identifying the source of our emissions on an annual basis enables us to prioritize emissions reduction SCOPE 2 EMISSIONS • Purchased electricity where we can make the most meaningful progress on our path to net zero emissions across our value Indirect emissions from • District heating purchased energy for our data chain in 2030. Similarly, minimizing our water use, being transparent with our water data, and restoring centers and offices • Stationary combustion from leased sites water in the same watersheds where our data centers are located are vital to reach our commitment to restore more water than we use by 2030. In 2020, Meta reduced our operational emissions by 94% from a 2017 baseline and addressed the residual Meta’s GHG emissions emissions with high-quality carbon removal projects. As a result, Meta’s operations have produced net zero emissions since then. Meta’s GHG footprint includes the emissions associated with running our business and data centers, as FULL VALUE CHAIN EMISSIONS well as the indirect emissions upstream and downstream of our operations. These emissions correspond to Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3 emissions as defined by the World Resources Institute (WRI) Greenhouse Scope 3 emissions come from sources within our full value chain beyond our operations and comprise the Gas Protocol↗. Meta uses the operational control approach when calculating our GHG footprint, in which largest component of our footprint. Scope 3 includes: we account for 100% of the GHG emissions over which we have operational control. 1. Upstream emissions, such as the emissions from manufacturing our data center servers or emissions OPERATIONAL EMISSIONS from employee commutes; and Scope 1 and 2 emissions are considered our operational emissions. Scope 1 emissions come from our direct 2. Downstream emissions, such as the emissions associated with people using our Portal or Quest devices. operations, such as combustion of natural gas to heat our offices and the fuel burned in our employee shuttles. Scope 2 includes indirect emissions from purchased energy, such as the electricity powering our data centers. We consider purchased electricity for construction and overhead electricity within leased data centers outside of our operational control and therefore report these in Scope 3. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 56

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Environmental methodology SCOPE 3 EMISSIONS Upstream: How we calculate our GHG emissions Our value chain emissions upstream and downstream of • Purchased goods and services (e.g., upstream emissions from Meta is aligning our emissions reduction targets with the Science Based Targets initiative↗ and takes a our operations purchased office supplies) scientific, standardized approach to calculating its GHG emissions in accordance with the GHG Protocol↗. • Capital goods (e.g., server hardware) Furthermore, Meta’s GHG emissions data and methodologies undergo third party verification each year. • Fuel and energy-related activities This is completed annually to ensure that only the most accurate and up-to-date data is publicly reported. • Upstream transportation and distribution (e.g., emissions We quantify our GHG emissions via activity data, LCAs and financial data. We prioritize calculating our associated with the transportation of AR/VR-related consumer emissions through activity data that directly measures an activity that results in GHG emissions, such hardware) as kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity. Due to the complex nature of our business and value chain, we use • Waste generated from our operations other methods to help calculate our emissions when activity data is not available. • Business travel • Employee commuting (including telecommuting) We measure our emissions by metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, • Upstream leased assets (Including leased data center overhead or CO2e, units. CO2e is used to standardize the emissions from different electricity use) GHGs based on their global warming potentials. Downstream: ACTIVITY DATA • Downstream transportation and distribution For activity data, we take the quantity of a specific measured activity and multiply it by an associated • Direct use of our AR/VR-related consumer hardware emissions factor to calculate the total emissions from that activity. For example, the kWh of electricity • End-of-life treatment of our AR/VR-related consumer hardware consumed at a Meta site is multiplied by the appropriate country-specific or regional-specific, publicly available emissions factor to calculate the total emissions from that site’s electricity use. We use activity data to calculate: • Scope 1 and 2 emissions • Business travel (including radiative forcing) • Fuel and energy-related activities • Employee commuting • Waste generated in operations • Direct use of our AR/VR-related consumer hardware • Upstream transportation and distribution where supplier specific data is available 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 57

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Environmental methodology Where activity data is incomplete or unavailable for an operation that results in GHG emissions, existing MARKET-BASED INSTRUMENTS activity data is used as a proxy to estimate these emissions. This ensures we are reporting a complete We have publicly committed to supporting its global operations with 100% renewable energy. We procure GHG inventory across all of our operations. For example, the weight of waste at several Meta sites is used and retire one Energy Attribute Certificate (EAC) for every MWh of electricity used to power our global as a proxy to estimate waste at other sites in the same region that do not have final waste weight data. operations. Meta also procures and retires one EAC for every MWh of electricity use in select Scope LCAs 3 categories.A Additionally, Meta procures Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) and applies the associated To understand cradle-to-gate emissions and/or upstream emissions that are released before certain assets emissions reductions from SAF allocated in the reporting year as a market-based instrument to Category are used (e.g., the emissions released from the production of concrete before it is poured), we conduct 6: Business Travel. third-party LCA studies or utilize LCA tools to measure our impact. This is applicable in our 2022 inventory A core focus of Meta’s renewable energy program is adding new renewable energy projects to the for the following emissions: electricity grids that support our data centers to drive the transition to renewable energy in our • Upstream emissions associated with the materials used in the construction of our data centers communities. In alignment with these principles, Meta adheres to the following EAC market boundaries: • Upstream emissions of materials in office renovations and new construction B C 1. Owned data centers : EACs from the same grid region • Cradle-to-gate emissions of our augmented and virtual reality related consumer hardware, such as D E Portal and Quest devices 2. Leased data centers : EACs from the same grid region or same geographic region • Cradle-to-gate emissions in key data center hardware components, such as hard drives 3. Other Scope 2 loads (offices, points-of-presence): EACs from same grid region or same geographic region • End-of-life treatment of our AR/VR-related consumer hardware 4. Scope 3 loads: EACs from same grid region; once exhausted, EACs from same geographic region Meta’s methodology aligns with the market boundaries set forth by the GHG Protocol for over 95% of our FINANCIAL Scope 2 emissions, including for all Scope 2 emissions from our owned data centers. A small portion of our Our Environmentally Extended Input Output (EEIO) method utilizes financial spend data and applies Scope 2 emissions are not covered by EACs within the GHG Protocol’s market boundaries set forth, but industry-specific emission factors (e.g., kg CO2e per dollar spent on electronic manufacturing) published by are instead covered by EACs from within the same geographic region. the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)↗ to calculate “cradle-to-gate” emissions. We apply the EEIO method to the following: A. This includes data center construction in Category 1: Purchased Goods & Services, transmission and distribution loss in Category 3: Fuel & Energy Related Activities, employee work from home in Category 7: Employee Commuting, leased data center overhead electricity use in Category 8: • Purchased goods and services Upstream Leased Assets, and United States-based electricity consumption from our products in Category 11: Use of Sold Products. B. Owned data centers include all completed data centers owned and operated by Meta. Data center loads while under construction are treated in line • Capital goods not related to data center and office construction, AR/VR-related consumer hardware, with leased data centers. and key data center hardware components C. Grid Regions: WECC, ERCOT, MISO/SPP, PJM/NC, SERC, Nordpool (Europe), Singapore/Southeast Asia • Upstream transportation and distribution where supplier specific data is unavailable D. For reporting year 2022, all leased data center load was in the United States and covered by EACs generated in-country. E. Geographic Regions: Americas (AMER); Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA); Asia Pacific (APAC) • Upstream leased assets 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 58

Leadership About Vision How We Operate What We Create How We Collaborate Looking Ahead Data Index Environmental methodology Improving our GHG methodology Meta’s water withdrawal As Meta decarbonizes our value chain over the next decade, the data and methodology that drives our The water that we use in our offices and at our data centers are withdrawn from our local water utilities climate work will evolve and improve each year. We have disclosed our Scope 1 and 2 emissions for the or local aquifers. We report our water withdrawals based on data from our local water utilities or meter last decade. We began reporting on some Scope 3 categories in 2015 and have reported on every relevant data, where available. We also report our water withdrawal during construction, based on reported data category defined by the GHG Protocol since 2019. As techniques to calculate our emissions improve, we from our construction partners. Not included in Meta’s 2022 operational water withdrawal numbers are an will apply those methods to previous years to refine our GHG footprint. For example, in 2020 we used the additional 1,780,000 cubic meters of water withdrawn for the construction of Meta data centers. EPA’s updated EEIO emission factors for our Scope 3 calculations and updated our 2019 data accordingly. Meta’s water consumption Going forward, we will focus on increasing accuracy and granularity of our data. For example, we re- baselined our 2020 data based on updated LCA data for key data center hardware and our AR/VR-related For our data centers, we determine our water consumption via two methods: consumer hardware. We will use activity data for more emissions categories as methods to do so become 1. Calculating the difference between water withdrawal and wastewater discharge available. We will continue reporting and updating our emissions boundaries as our business grows on our path to net zero emissions. 2. Calculating consumption based on cycles of concentration from our cooling systems PUE/WUE For our offices, we estimate our water consumption based on industry averages. All of our wastewater is discharged to local wastewater facilities. Each year, we calculate the Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) and Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE) of our Water risk data centers. PUE measures how efficiently our data centers consume the energy to operate our servers and network infrastructure. It is calculated by dividing the energy consumed at the data center by IT We use water stress metrics in the WRI’s Aqueduct tool↗ to conduct initial assessments of our water electricity load. The closer our annual PUE is to “1” indicates how efficient our data centers are designed to risks. When appropriate, we increase the level of water risk based on additional local knowledge. consume electricity. Annual WUE is calculated by dividing our water withdrawal, in liters, by IT electricity load, in kWh. The closer WUE is to “0”, the more efficient consumption of water to cool our IT-related infrastructure. These metrics are calculated based on best available data, including internal meters, design estimates, and utility bills where applicable. 2023 Meta Sustainability Report 59

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