Notes to Pages 172–175 225    45. MIA newsletter, vol. 1, no. 12 (April 30, 1959), Montgomery Im- provement Association Collection; Montgomery Advertiser, March 21, 1959. 46. Session of Trinity Presbyterian Church to Mrs. Arnold Smith, April 13, 1959, Folder 1, Andrews Collection; Fred L. Shuttlesworth to King, April 24, 1959, in Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr., 5: 189–90. In the mid- 1940s, Horace G. Bell had been one of Nixon’s greatest critics, denouncing him in several letters to the NAACP national office in New York. See, for instance, Horace G. Bell to Ella Baker, November 25, 1945, Group II, Box C-4, Montgomery NAACP Papers; King to John Malcolm Patterson, May 28, 1959, in Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr., 5: 216–17. 47. King, “A Tough Mind and a Tender Heart,” August 30, 1959, in Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr., 6: 372–78. King borrowed portions of this sermon from Gerald Kennedy, “The Mind and Heart,” in Kennedy’s The Lion and the Lamb. 48. Ibid. A number of Alabama State College professors lost their jobs in the spring of 1960 for supporting thirty-five ASC students who were arrest- ed for staging a sit-in at the Montgomery County Court House snack bar. Among those losing their jobs were Lawrence Reddick, Jo Ann Robinson, and Mary Fair Burks (MIA newsletter, vol. 2, no. 3 [September 21, 1960], Gregory Papers, 1955–1965). 49. King to Simeon Booker, October 20, 1959, in Papers of Martin Lu- ther King, Jr., 5: 313–15. 50. King, “Draft, Resignation from Dexter Avenue Baptist Church,” No- vember 29, 1959, ibid., 5: 328–29. Based on his own experience and having explored the symbolic role Gandhi played in the Indian independence move- ment, King believed a successful freedom movement was enhanced by the presence of a symbolic leader. During the summer of 1959, King replied to a letter from an Angolan student who sought some assistance and advice for her nation’s independence movement. Significantly, King suggested a good starting place would be to find an individual who would “stand as a symbol for your independence movement. As soon as your symbol is set up it is not difficult to get people to follow, and the more the oppressor seeks to stop and defeat the symbol, the more it solidifies the movement” (King to Deolinda Rodrigues, July 21, 1959, ibid., 5: 250–51). T. H. Randall to King, Decem- ber 1, 1959, ibid., 5: 332. 51. King, “Address at the Fourth Annual Institute on Nonviolence and Social Change,” December 3, 1959, ibid., 5: 333–43. 52. King to the Montgomery County Board of Education, August 28, 1959, ibid., 5: 270–72.