Appendix A Open-SOurce TOOlS And FrAmewOrkS IoT Framework IoT frameworks and platforms are also called IoT middleware; the purpose is to function as a mediator and integrator between the hardware and application layers. Primary tasks include data collection from the devices over different protocols and networks. • Eclipse Kura (https://www.eclipse.org/kura/) • Node-RED (https://nodered.org/) • Flogo (https://www.flogo.io/) • Iotivity (https://iotivity.org/) • AllJoyn (https://openconnectivity.org/developer/reference- implementation/alljoyn) A DXP uses open-source IoT middleware frameworks to connect, control, and integrate multiple devices with the DXP’s applications. Distributed Data Streaming A distributed streaming platform simplifies data integration between a DXP’s systems. A stream is a pipeline to which one’s applications receive data in real time. • Apache Kafka (https://kafka.apache.org/) • Apache ActiveMQ (http://activemq.apache.org/) • Redis (https://redis.io/) A DXP uses an open-source distributed streaming framework to provide real-time data access using producer, consumer, and broker streams. Analytics Engine Spark is packaged with higher-level libraries and includes support for SQL queries, streaming data, machine learning, and graph processing. • Apache Spark (https://spark.apache.org/) DXP uses an open-source analytics framework to analyze huge and diverse data sources. 327