The Circular Economy in Numbers The Problem… Global waste generation is set to 1.6 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions were Over 70% of global waste is disposed increase 70%by 2050 generated from solid waste management of in landfills, 33% of which is alone in 2016 mismanaged through ‘open dumping’ 11 million metric tonnes of plastic Up to40% of food produced in the US ends In 2018, the average amount of were leaked into the ocean in 2016 up as waste, while the average UK family clothing and textile waste added up to throws away £720 worth of food per year 80 lbs per person in the US Progress and Solutions A Circular Economy could help add $4.5 Landfilled waste fell 58%in the EU between Circular economy solutions could help trillion in additional economic output 1995 and 2020, while it increased 0.6% in reduce global GHG emissions by 39% by 2030 and $25 trillion by 2050 the US between 1990 and 2018 In the EU, materials recirculation, materials efficiency increase and circular Recycling cardboard takes 75%of energy On average, it costs 44%less to business models for cement, aluminium, required to manufacture new cardboard; recycle trash than send it to landfills, plastics and steel could reduce CO2 recycling plastic takes 84%less energy than and 54% -60% less to recycle trash emissions by 56%vs a business-as- making it from raw materials than to incinerate it usual scenario Sources: World Bank, Pew Charitable Trusts, Dept. for Environment Food & Rural Affairs, Ellen MacArthur Foundation, Waste to Wealth, Eurostat, EPA, Circle Economy, Recycling Revolution, data compiled by Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research