Rich media Display-related ads that integrate some component of streaming interactivity. Rich media ads often include flash or java script, but not content, and can allow users to view and interact with products or services (e.g., scrolling or clicking within the ad opens a multimedia product description, expansion, animation, video or a “virtual test-drive” within the ad). All IAB Rising Stars ad formats are considered Rich Media. Video commercials that appear in video players are considered Video Ads, not Rich Media. “Interstitials” have been consolidated within the rich media category and represent full- or partial-page text and image server-push advertisements which appear in the transition between two pages of content. Forms of interstitials can include a variation of the following terms:  Splash screens – a preliminary page that precedes the regular home page of a website that usually promotes a particular site feature or provides advertising. A splash page is timed to move onto the home page after a short period of time.  Pop-up ads and pop-under ads – an advertisement that appear in a separate window which automatically loads over an existing content window, without an associated banner.  Daughter windows – an advertisement that runs in a separate window associated with a concurrently displayed banner. The content and banner are typically displayed first, followed by the daughter window.  Superstitials – ads that are distinct from interstitials because of the much higher ad quality, and that they play instantly (ads are fully downloaded before they are displayed). Definitions of advertising formats and pricing models Digital audio Partially or entirely advertising-supported audio programming available to consumers on a streaming basis, delivered via the wired and mobile internet. This includes a wide range of services, such as the following:  Online audio streams of terrestrial radio stations;  Purely online radio stations, with either professional or amateur DJs;  Personalized (i.e., without human editors/DJs) and on-demand, streamed audio services that create playlists based on user preferences of artists, tracks, or genres; Music or spoken word audio content delivered within a different website or application, e.g., in- game music services. Digital Audio is currently included in Other. Digital video Advertising that appears before, during or after digital video content in a video player (i.e. pre- advertising roll, mid-roll, post-roll video ads). Digital Video Ads include TV commercials online and can appear in streaming content or in downloadable video. Display-related ads on a page (that are not in a player) that contain video are categorized as rich media ads. Video Overlays are also categorized as Digital Video Advertising. Video overlays include small ads that appear on top of digital video content. They can appear to be display, video, rich media, text or another ad format but are contained within the video player. 23