whose body showed signs of sexual violence, one was brought to justice for the 28 a national court sentenced a man to 30 September 2009 massacre. Sexual violence years’ imprisonment for her murder. persisted. Guatemala had been condemned by the BACKGROUND Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 2014 for failing to diligently investigate her Following the arrest of Alpha Condé on 5 death and prevent violations of her rights. September after an assault led by the SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS Guinean special forces, the National Committee of Reconciliation and In December, Congress started discussing a Development (CNRD) led by Mamadi legislative initiative (5940) which, if passed, Doumbouya dismissed the Constitution and would violate the rights of transgender the government. A Transition Charter was children and adolescents. issued on 27 September, announcing the RIGHT TO TRUTH, JUSTICE AND elaboration of a new Constitution and the REPARATION organization of elections. Mamadi Doumbouya was sworn in as president before In May, the security forces arrested 11 retired the Supreme Court on 1 October. After 12 military and police officers suspected of weeks in detention without official charge, involvement in abductions, enforced Alpha Condé was allowed to reside at his disappearances, extrajudicial executions and spouse’s house. other crimes under international law and The Ebola outbreak that emerged in mid- human rights violations against at least 183 February was declared over in June. The people considered political opponents curfew imposed to combat the Covid-19 between 1983 and 1985 in the case known pandemic was lifted on 21 October. as “Diario Militar”. At least eight were ARBITRARY DETENTION detained awaiting trial at the end of the year. After several months in arbitrary detention, 1. “Guatemala: International organizations demand end to dozens of opposition members and criminalization of justice officials and human rights defenders”, 8 supporters and civil society activists who June denounced the candidacy and/or the re- 2. “Guatemala: Amnesty International delivers 27,957 signatures election of former president Alpha Condé for demanding release of Bernardo Caal”, 7 July a third term were released. 3. “Guatemala: La pandemia no puede ser un pretexto para negar On 8 May, more than 40 people who called protección internacional”, 30 March for or participated in 2020 demonstrations to denounce Alpha Condé’s candidacy or re- election for a third term were released after GUINEA charges were dropped. On 7 September, following orders by the CNRD, 79 activists Republic of Guinea and opposition members and supporters who Head of state: Mamadi Doumbouya (replaced Alpha had also been arrested were released. Condé in October) Among them, Oumar Sylla, one of the leaders Head of government: Mohamed Béavogui (replaced of the National Front for the Defence of the Ibrahima Kassory Fofana in October) Constitution, was sentenced on 28 January to 11 months in prison for “participating in a Dozens of people arbitrarily arrested in the prohibited assembly likely to disturb public context of the 2020 protests against former order.” He had been held in Conakry's main president Alpha Condé’s candidacy and re- prison since his arrest on 29 September election for a third term were released. 2020 while mobilizing against Alpha Condé’s Several people were killed during protests candidacy for a third term. In another case, on issues around mining exploitation. No on 10 June Conakry’s Court of Appeal Amnesty International Report 2021/22 183