and forcibly returned 32,425 refugees and groups did not vaccinate people in their migrants to Libya, where thousands were custody. By the end of the year, only 12% of detained indefinitely in harsh conditions in Libyans and less than 1% of foreign nationals facilities overseen by the Directorate for were fully vaccinated. Combating Illegal Migration (DCIM).4 The health sector struggled due to limited Thousands of others were forcibly and damaged infrastructure and equipment, disappeared following disembarkation. leading to the closure of several Covid-19 Refugees and migrants were also arbitrarily isolation centres. Armed men abducted and arrested in their homes, on the streets and at violently attacked healthcare and checkpoints. In October, Libyan security humanitarian workers. forces and Tripoli-based militias used DEATH PENALTY unlawful lethal force and other violence to round up over 5,000 men, women and Libyan law retained the death penalty for a children from Sub-Saharan Africa.5 wide range of offences not limited to Guards and militia subjected those in their intentional killing, and death sentences custody to torture and other ill-treatment, continued to be passed. No executions were including sexual and gender-based violence, carried out. forced labour and other exploitation, In May, the Supreme Court quashed the including at the al-Mabani DCIM detention conviction and death sentence against Saif centre opened in January in Tripoli. Guards in al-Islam al-Gaddafi and eight others, citing the Shara’ al-Zawiya DCIM centre in Tripoli fair trial concerns, and ordered a retrial. raped migrant women and girls and coerced them into sex in exchange for food. 1. “Libya: Authorities must address violations after elections DCIM authorities in eastern Libya expelled postponed”, 22 December at least 2,839 refugees and migrants to 2. “Libya: Government of National Unity must not legitimize militias and Chad, Egypt and Sudan without any due armed groups responsible for harrowing abuses”, 6 August process. 3. “Libya: Military courts sentence hundreds of civilians in sham, Libyan authorities prevented departures of torture-tainted trials”, 26 April several resettlement and evacuation flights 4. “Libya: Horrific violations in detention highlight Europe’s shameful for refugees and asylum seekers out of Libya. role in forced returns”, 15 July Guards, men in military uniforms and militia 5. “Libya: Unlawful lethal force and mass arrests in unprecedented unlawfully shot at refugees and migrants in migrant crackdown”, 8 October DCIM centres or during escape attempts, killing at least 10 and injuring dozens in al- Mabani detention centre and Abu Salim- LITHUANIA controlled detention centres in separate incidents in February, April, July and October. Republic of Lithuania RIGHT TO HEALTH Head of state: Gitanas Nausėda Head of government: Ingrida Šimonytė The Covid-19 vaccine rollout began in April, but was marred by delays, initial exclusion of Migrants were forcibly returned to Belarus. undocumented people, and failure to Parliament voted against legalizing same- prioritize health workers and other at-risk sex unions. Domestic violence remained groups. Libyan authorities failed to procure widespread. Lithuania had still not ratified sufficient vaccines, raise awareness or the Istanbul Convention, nor implemented ensure accessibility to at-risk groups. the European Court of Human Rights’ ruling Migrants, refugees and internally displaced regarding Abu Zubaydah. people faced additional barriers in accessing the vaccine due to nepotism and discrimination, while militias and armed Amnesty International Report 2021/22 238