Developers of the Trans Mountain pipeline did not obtain the free, prior, informed CENTRAL AFRICAN consent of all Secwepemc communities affected. In April, several men attacked REPUBLIC Secwepemc women land defenders at a camp in Blue River, British Columbia, who Central African Republic were protesting against the construction of Head of state: Faustin-Archange Touadéra the company's industrial camps. Head of government: Henri-Marie Dondra (replaced Between September and December, armed Firmin Ngrébada in June) Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers arrested 36 peaceful land defenders opposed Unlawful attacks, killings and other to the construction of the Coastal Gaslink violations and abuses, including war crimes, pipeline in Wet’suwet’en traditional territory in continued in the framework of the armed British Columbia, including three journalists conflict. Civilians were killed, people were covering the protests. summarily executed, humanitarian workers FAILURE TO TACKLE CLIMATE CRISIS faced attacks and cases of sexual violence were documented. There was impunity for Canada continued to subsidize the fossil fuel the most serious crimes. industry, specifically exploration and BACKGROUND development projects, and exploitation and transport of oil and gas. Several armed groups led by former In June, the federal government enacted president François Bozizé forming the Canada's first climate accountability Coalition of Patriots for Change (CPC) legislation, the Canadian Carbon Neutrality launched an offensive in January on the Accountability Act. capital, Bangui, with the aim of preventing IRRESPONSIBLE ARMS TRANSFERS the presidential elections from going ahead. On 18 January, the Constitutional Court Canada continued to transfer arms to officially declared that President Touadéra Colombia despite militarized repression of had won a second term. Throughout the year, demonstrations that resulted in human rights national forces and their allies – Rwandan violations. Canada continued to export arms soldiers and mercenaries – led a counter- to Saudi Arabia, despite risk assessments of offensive to retake territories controlled by the transfers that did not conform to the armed groups. According to the OCHA, at the 3 Arms Trade Treaty. end of November there were 670,000 internally displaced people in the country, 1. Canada: Justice for Indigenous Children (Index: AMR 20/4279/2021), with limited access to water, food, healthcare 14 June and education. 2. Canada: I Didn’t Feel Like a Human in There: Immigration Detention UNLAWFUL ATTACKS AND KILLINGS in Canada and its Impact on Mental Health (Index: AMR 20/4195/2021), 17 June Unlawful attacks, killings and other violations 3. “Canada-Saudi arms deal flouts international law: Amnesty and abuses of international humanitarian and International, Project Ploughshares report”, 11 August human rights law, some of which amount to war crimes, were committed by all parties to the conflict. According to the UN, members of the CPC attacked and looted health centres in Mbomou prefecture in January. They also attacked or occupied at least 37 schools from January to June, preventing free access to education for thousands of children. Amnesty International Report 2021/22 118