conditions and exhaustion, were met by RIGHT TO HOUSING threats from the prime minister. The government continued to block the Many health workers continued to work establishment of “Citizens’ Representative despite their own poor health for fear of Organisations”. Provided for in the Law on losing their jobs. As of October, approximately Urban Redevelopment, these bodies ensure one in five health workers had been infected the participation of communities in decisions with Covid-19. relating to the projects affecting their land RIGHT TO EDUCATION and housing. In October, the Supreme Court dismissed the case of Davaanyam Puntsag Government-imposed school closures in and his family who were forcibly evicted in response to Covid-19 severely impacted 2018 when a property developer demolished access to education for children of herders their home in the Bayangol district of the and other children living in rural areas or capital, Ulaanbaatar. areas with limited or no access to the internet and television. Schools reopened in LGBTI PEOPLE’S RIGHTS September after almost two academic years. Online discriminatory comments posted by HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS the Deputy Mayor of Ulaanbaatar in September led to an increase in threats and In July, the Law on the Legal Status of hate speech against LGBTI people, activists Human Rights Defenders entered into force. and organizations. It consolidated legal protections for human rights defenders but also contained 1. “Mongolia: The right to freedom of assembly and expression is being provisions that could be interpreted to suppressed”, 12 May (Mongolian only) arbitrarily restrict human rights defenders’ 2. “Mongolia: The real situation of human rights defenders is a voices and put them at risk of prosecution. problem,” 25 May Rights activists, including herders working on environmental and land rights issues and advocates, continued to face threats, MONTENEGRO intimidation and prosecution for their 2 legitimate activities. Republic of Montenegro TORTURE AND OTHER ILL-TREATMENT Head of state: Milo Đukanović Head of government: Zdravko Krivokapić There was no progress towards setting up a national mechanism for the prevention of Impunity persisted for crimes under torture, which was provided for under the international law and attacks on journalists. 2020 revised law on the National Human Misogynist hate speech increased, while Rights Commission of Mongolia, despite ethnic division and religious intolerance Mongolia’s acceptance of relevant deepened. The government failed to deliver recommendations during its UPR. promised reforms. Torture survivors and victims’ families BACKGROUND remained unable to access full and effective reparation. Investigations into allegations of The shaky multi-ethnic coalition government torture were generally flawed and those began to address past violations, including suspected of being responsible were rarely political control of the police, prosecution and brought to justice. According to statistics judiciary, and complicity with organized published by the Prosecutor General’s Office crime. in October, 53 alleged torture cases had been reviewed, but only three resulted in prosecutions. Amnesty International Report 2021/22 256