DENIAL OF HUMANITARIAN ACCESS opened fire to disperse people queuing for The military authorities restricted oxygen cylinders in Yangon. humanitarian access to internally displaced Women and girls faced difficulties in people in Kayah, Chin and Shan states. accessing sexual and reproductive There were reports of roads being blocked healthcare, especially in armed conflict and aid convoys being turned back by the areas. There were reports of displaced soldiers. In June, the military destroyed an women giving birth without access to basic ambulance and burned stockpiles of rice and medical services. In several reported cases in medicine intended for displaced people in Kayah and Shan states, newborn babies of Pekon township, Shan State.3 In other areas, displaced families died due to lack of including Kachin and Rakhine states, the adequate healthcare and shelter. military authorities imposed additional RIGHT TO EDUCATION requirements on humanitarian organizations in order to obtain travel authorizations that Almost 12 million children and young people severely delayed the delivery of aid to had no access to formal education due to the vulnerable populations. combination of Covid-19-related school, ABUSES BY ARMED GROUPS college and university closures, armed conflict and the actions of the military In July and September, fighting erupted authorities. Teachers who participated in the between the Restoration Council of Shan civil disobedience movement were among State, the Shan State Army-North, and the those arrested and at least 139 teachers had Ta’ang National Liberation Army, three EAOs been detained as of the end of November. in Shan State. These groups reportedly Schools and other educational facilities were abducted villagers and subjected them to bombed or otherwise attacked by unknown forced labour. actors. In May alone, at least 103 such RIGHT TO HEALTH attacks were reported. The military occupied schools and university campuses across The health system effectively collapsed in the Myanmar. aftermath of the military takeover as health DEATH PENALTY workers joined the civil disobedience movement and a third wave of Covid-19 hit Military courts sentenced dozens of people, the country. Health workers clandestinely including several children, to death after providing medical care, including to injured unfair trials. Many were tried in their protesters, were attacked and arrested by the absence. security forces. According to the WHO, more than 286 attacks on healthcare facilities and 1. “Myanmar: Vast arsenal and notorious troops deployed during personnel took place during the year, nationwide ‘killing spree’ protest crackdown”, 11 March accounting for over one third of attacks on 2. “Myanmar: Unbridled destruction of freedoms as Aung San Suu Kyi healthcare globally. The majority of attacks sentenced”, 6 December were attributed to the military, although bomb 3. “Myanmar: After coup, Myanmar military puts chokehold on people’s attacks by unknown assailants against basic needs”, 17 December military-run hospitals were also reported. At least 26 health workers were killed and 64 injured during the year. NAMIBIA The military government further undermined the Covid-19 response by Republic of Namibia confiscating personal protective equipment Head of state and government: Hage Geingob and already severely limited oxygen supplies in Chin, Kayin and Yangon for use by the Police repeatedly used excessive force. The military. In July security forces reportedly use of prolonged and indefinite pre-trial Amnesty International Report 2021/22 266