Parties to armed conflicts must abide by international humanitarian law, in particular ending direct attacks against civilians or civilian infrastructure and indiscriminate attacks. Military powers must halt arms transfers where there is a significant risk that they will be used in violation of international law, as was the case in the ongoing conflicts in the region. Authorities should ensure that their law enforcement officers comply with international standards on the use of firearms and less-lethal weapons, investigate the unlawful use of force and hold law enforcement officers to account, and uphold the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. Amnesty International Report 2021/22 61