126 Autonomous Vehicles Are Safer Than Human-Driven Vehicles In 2015, ARK estimated that the rate of autonomous vehicle accidents would be ~80% lower than that associated with human drivers, reducing the ~40,000 auto-related fatalities per year in the US and the ~1.35 million globally. Current data support our original estimates. In full self driving (FSD) mode on surface streets, a Tesla appears to be ~5x safer than a Tesla in manual mode, and ~16x safer than the national average. Waymo’s autonomous cars are ~2-3x safer than the national average, while Cruise—now sidelined by regulators—seems to have underperformed the national average considerably. IS Miles Between Crashes On Surface Streets Only X A T (Thousands) O B RO 3,200 588 476 192 43 Tesla in FSD Human Driven Tesla Waymo National Average Cruise Human-Driven Tesla (avg 2022) (2023) (avg 2022) (2023) (2021) (2023) ARK Adjusted Company Adjusted ARK Adjusted Company Adjusted Sources: ARK Investment Management LLC, 2024. This ARK analysis is based on a range of underlying data from external sources, including CDC 2024, Kusano 2023, NHTSA 2023, Tesla 2023, 2024, and Zhang, 2023, which may be provided upon request. Forecasts are inherently limited and cannot be relied upon. For informational purposes only and should not be considered investment advice or a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any particular security. Past performance is not indicative of future results.