Enabling systems change (continued) Investing in AI Through our AI for Earth program, Microsoft is putting AI tools into the hands of individuals and organizations working on the frontlines of environmental challenges, including water. To date, 116 AI for Earth grantees have worked on water-related projects. Remote sensing to assess agricultural water demand Government agencies in Egypt face difficult decisions when allocating wa ter for agriculture and civilian use. To help agencies, the Egyptian government developed a proof of concept solution that uses satellite image analysis deep learning to determine crop type and land area boundaries of smallholder farms. The intelligent visualization usi ng ArcGIS detects field boundaries, identifies crops, and provides water demand forecast estimates for decis ion makers that results in more accurate allocations for sustainable agriculture and fair water distribution for citizens. AI and satellite imagery to track forest-related water availability Microsoft supported a forest and water management project by Conservation Science Partners by providing resources around AI, machine learning, and cloud computing on the Microsoft Azure platform. Using Azure, Conservation Science Partners aggregates and analyzes satellite imagery at high resolutions to better understand how the forest cover across the western United States changes from forest disturbance events and how this influences water su pply records. By linking the forest data to water flow rate data records from before and after a forest disturbance, an ana lysis can provide insights for conservation planning and adapting forest and water management to future climate change impacts. As a result, local communities, regional organizations, and the federal government can better manage and protect these vital resources. 116 To date, 116 AI for Earth grantees have worked on water-related projects. Providing scientifically informed estimates of the impact of extreme drought events on drinking water availability. Machine learning to predict regional water shortages Recognizing that lower income and small communities often face the largest barriers to safe and reliable drinking water, Microsoft provided a grant to the Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability to support their work around secure water supplies. The Leadership Counsel will assimilate data from disparate sources, using Azure resources to host and deploy machine learning models and create a dashboar d that people can interact with on a server. The dashboard will provide regulators, advocacy groups, and the public with scientifically informed estimates of the impact of extreme drought events on drinking water availability. This contribution also allows the Leadership Counsel to engage in wider community outreach efforts, advocate for policy efforts that will protect well water levels, and inform residents about the potential impact of water conservation policy efforts. 56 Providing scientifically informed estimates of the impact of extreme drought events on drinking water availability.