Endnotes 125. Adrian, Tobias and Gaspar, Vitor. 2022. “How Fiscal Restraint Can Help Fight In昀氀ation”. IMF blog. 21 November 2022. 126. Government of the United Kingdom Of昀椀ce for National Statistics, Public sector 昀椀nances, UK: October 2022, 22 November 2022, https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/ publicsector昀椀nance/bulletins/publicsector昀椀nances/october2022; Government of the United Kingdom Of昀椀ce for National Statistics, Public sector 昀椀nances, UK: March 2022, 26 April 2022, https://www.ons.gov.uk/ economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/publicsector昀椀nance/bulletins/publicsector昀椀nances/march2022. 127. Bank of England, Why have interest rates gone up?, 4 November 2022, https://www.bankofengland. co.uk/knowledgebank/why-are-interest-rates-in-the-uk-going-up#:~:text=On%203%20November%20 2022%2C%20we,loan%2C%20mortgage%20or%20savings%20account. 128. Carlsson-Szlezak, Philipp and Paul Swartz, “Why the market vetoed the UK’s budget – and what it means for the changing nature of stimulus around the world”, Fortune, 27 September 2022, https://fortune. com/2022/09/27/market-vetoed-uk-budget-truss-pound-changing-nature-stimulus-economy-carlsson- szlezak-swartz/. 129. Georgieva, Kristalina and Ceyla Pazarbasioglu, “The G20 Common Framework for Debt Treatments Must Be Stepped Up”, IMF blog, 2 December 2021, https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2021/12/02/ blog120221the-g20-common-framework-for-debt-treatments-must-be-stepped-up. 130. Jensen, Lars, Avoiding ‘Too Little Too Late’ on International Debt Relief, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), UNDP Development Futures Series Working Papers, 11 October 2022, https://www. undp.org/publications/dfs-avoiding-too-little-too-late-international-debt-relief. 131. Ibid. 132. Ibid. 133. Sharma, Ruchir, “A post-dollar world is coming”, Financial Times, 28 August 2022, https://www.ft.com/ content/989b2e50-e8b5-474c-86a3-190c6881b235?desktop=true&segmentId=7c8f09b9-9b61-4fbb- 9430-9208a9e233c8#myft:noti昀椀cation:daily-email:content. 134. The World Bank, International Debt Statistics, https://databank.worldbank.org/source/international-debt- statistics, accessed 13 December 2022. 135. World Bank Group, World Development Report 2022: Finance for an Equitable Recovery, 2022, https:// www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2022. 136. Ibid. 137. Wolf, Martin, “Delay only makes climate action more urgent”, Financial Times, 8 November 2022, https:// www.ft.com/content/5198e3ba-997f-4db5-8310-3a68ae91d9f2?emailId=153c65f9-db1b-495c-8385- 7912d487ef5c&segmentId=22011ee7-896a-8c4c-22a0-7603348b7f22. 138. World Bank Group, World Development Report 2022: Finance for an Equitable Recovery, 2022, https:// www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2022. 139. The World Bank, Two-Thirds of Poorer Countries are Cutting Education Budgets Due to COVID-19 [Press release], 22 February 2021, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/02/22/two-thirds-of- poorer-countries-are-cutting-education-budgets-due-to-covid-19; The World Bank, Financing for Education Stagnant or Declining Despite Chronic Learning Needs Post-COVID-19 [Press release], 28 June 2022, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/06/28/昀椀nancing-for-education-stagnant-or- declining-despite-chronic-learning-needs-post-covid-19. 140. Lee, Nancy, “Restructuring Sovereign Debt to Private Creditors in Poor Countries: What’s Broken?”, Center for Global Development, 5 August 2020, https://www.cgdev.org/publication/restructuring-sovereign-debt- private-creditors-poor-countries-whats-broken. 141. Jensen, Lars, Avoiding ‘Too Little Too Late’ on International Debt Relief, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), UNDP Development Futures Series Working Papers, 11 October 2022, https://www. undp.org/publications/dfs-avoiding-too-little-too-late-international-debt-relief. 142. World Bank Group, World Development Report 2022: Finance for an Equitable Recovery, 2022, https:// www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2022. 143. Chamon, Marcos, Erik Klok, Vimal Thakoor and Jeromin Zettelmeyer, Debt-for-Climate Swaps: Analysis, Design, and Implementation, International Monetary Fund (IMF), IMF Working Papers, 12 August 2022, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2022/08/11/Debt-for-Climate-Swaps-Analysis-Design-and- Implementation-522184. 144. Pilling, David, Joseph Cotterill and Camilla Hodgson, “South Africa warns $8.5bn climate package risks fuelling debt burden”, Financial Times, 4 November 2022, https://www.ft.com/content/ e6653b1d-2302-4e44-81bb-38dc608d303d?desktop=true&segmentId=7c8f09b9-9b61-4fbb-9430- 9208a9e233c8#myft:noti昀椀cation:daily-email:content. 145. Wolf, Martin, “Delay only makes climate action more urgent”, Financial Times, 8 November 2022, https:// www.ft.com/content/5198e3ba-997f-4db5-8310-3a68ae91d9f2?emailId=153c65f9-db1b-495c-8385- 7912d487ef5c&segmentId=22011ee7-896a-8c4c-22a0-7603348b7f22. Global Risks Report 2023 56