— e “The climate has always been chanin c and well before humans r ou s were around” bout a …he Earth’s climate has alwas been chanin‚ Earth has s n o been in a lon„term coolin trend for the past ”0 million i t s ears‚! Howeer oer the past ‘20 000 ears ntarctic e air temperatures ›in the ¯ostoƒ ice coresœ are estimated to qu hae been at arious times between ¬—°C cooler and ¬2°C w armer than toda‚@ — …hese chanes in the Earth’s aerae temperature hae had eoraphical conseuences‚ Žor instance in the last lacial maximum ›21 000 ears aoœ lobal aerae tem„ peratures were „¡°C lower than the are now with rctic ice sheets coerin most of ¢ritain and extendin down to “orthern Œerman‚# — Human ciilization has deeloped in a stable and relatiel warm climate epoch since the last lacial maximum ›the Holoceneœ‚ — …hese temperature ariations were caused b arious lon„ term eophsical dnamics such as chanes in the Earth’s orbit and tilt but the were occurrin at timescales seeral orders of manitude slower than the chanes we hae been obserin in the Earth’s climate oer the past two centuries‚ …he current rate of warmin ›post„industrial reolutionœ is historicall unprecedented‚$ 1 Hansen ¦ Sato 2012 2 ˆetit et al‚ 1žžž Clarƒ ¦ Mix 2002 ‘ Šaters et al‚ 201Ÿ 20
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