launched a campaign against violations of China’s large live streaming platforms, requiring real-name authentication of online hosts and recordation of content; in July, 26 online performance platforms affiliated to the 23 first-batch Internet culture business entities were investigated, with more than 4,000 show rooms offering illicit content shut down. Afterward, the Notice on Issues concerning Strengthening Administration on the Live-Streaming Service of Online Audio-Visual Programs and Provisions on the Administration of Internet Live-Streaming Services were put into force as a way to lay a solid policy foundation for the further sound development of the industry. Despite increasingly stricter supervision, online live streaming shows huge profits. As such, investors feel optimistic about its developments. According to some public financial statements, online live streaming services became the principal revenue source of Momo and YY shortly after going online, and maintained fast-pace growth in the first three quarters of 2016. This is the reason why Mobile QQ, Weibo, Letv, Shanda and PPTV launched or invested in online live streaming services. In addition, Douyu and Huajiao, two online live streaming platforms taking shape, received large amounts of financing in 2016. The increasing influx of capital will intensify the competition in the online live streaming field in the future. VI. The Development of Public Service Applications 6.1 Online education Up to December 2016, China had 138 million online education users, an increase of 27.50 million or 25.0% over the end of 2015, and the utilization rate stayed basically stable at 18.8%, up by 2.7 percentage points over the end of 2015. In particular, mobile education users numbered 97.98 million, an annual increase of 44.95 million or 84.8%, and the utilization ratio was 14.1%, up 5.5 percentage points from the end of 2015. 80 The 39th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China