Instant Hypercube Routing ƒ„ blockchains use smart routing mechanisms to ensure that transactions between any two blockchains will always be processed swiftly regardless of the si‡e of the system. he time needed to pass information between ƒ„ blockchains grows logarithmically with their number so scaling to even millions of chains will allow them all to communicate at top speed. ee « percube ­outing» and «nstant percube ­outing», 2.1.4, 2.4.19, 2.4.20 Proof-of-Stake Approach ƒ„ uses a Proof-of-€take approach in which processing nodes …«validators»† deposit stakes to guarantee their dependability and reach consensus through a variant of the ˆy‡antine ›ault olerant protocol. his allows ƒ„ to focus the computing power of its nodes on handling transactions and smart contracts further increasing speed and efficiency. ee «Proof€Of€take ‚pproach», 2.1.16, 2.6 2-D Distributed Ledgers ƒ„ can «grow» new valid blocks on top of any blocks that were proven to be incorrect to avoid unnecessary forks. his self-healing mechanism saves resources and guarantees that valid transactions will not be discarded due to unrelated errors. ee «‚ccount chains», 2.1.1, 2.1.17 ­ Ž Œ