FIGURE 1.1 Unemployment rate across G20 countries Quarterly unemployment rate, 2018Q1–2022Q4 30 Mexico Japan Germany 20 10 Unemployment rate (%) 0 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 30 United Kingdom Indonesia 20 10 0 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Central Asia East Asia and the Pacific Europe Latin America and the Caribbean Middle East and North Africa North America South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Source International Labour Organisation, ILOSTAT. measures, emerging economies have provided less heavy truck and lorry drivers were among the most support to the most vulnerable firms and workers needed professions (Figure 1.2). due to their limited fiscal space.3,4 In the United States, businesses in Retail and In 2022, various employment indicators pointed Wholesale of Consumer Goods reported close towards a strong labour-market recovery for high- to 70% of job openings remaining unfilled, with income countries, with many sectors experiencing close to 55% of roles unfilled in manufacturing and 6 labour shortages. In Europe, for example, almost 45% in leisure and hospitality. Businesses also three in 10 manufacturing and service firms reported difficulties in retaining workers. According reported production constraints in the second to a global survey conducted in late 2022 across quarter of 2022 due to a lack of workers.5 Nursing 44 countries, one in five employees reported they professionals, plumbers and pipefitters, software intend to switch employers in the coming year.7 developers, systems analysts, welders and flame cutters, bricklayers and related workers, and Future of Jobs Report 2023 10