Industry Profile Global Employee (millions, ILO estimates) 1 / 2 Education and training 158.1 Trend outlook Global trends and their impact on job creation Technologies and their impact on job creation Trends most most likely to drive industry transformation and their expected impact job creation, ordered by net Technologies most most likely to drive industry transformation and their expected impact job creation, ordered effect (share of organizations surveyed) by net effect (share of organizations surveyed) Job creator Job displacer Net effect Global net effect Job creator Job displacer Net effect Global net effect Broader application of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) standards Education and workforce development technologies -100% +100% -100% +100% 64% 75% Broadening digital access Digital platforms and apps -100% +100% -100% +100% 52% 74% Increased adoption of new and frontier technologies Big-data analytics -100% +100% -100% +100% 44% 64% Consumers becoming more vocal on social issues Augmented and virtual reality -100% +100% -100% +100% 43% 50% Ageing populations in advanced and emerging economies Cloud computing -100% +100% -100% +100% 23% 46% Stricter government regulation of data use and technology Text, image, and voice processing -100% +100% -100% +100% 14% 41% Ongoing impact of the COVID pandemic Internet of things and connected devices -100% +100% -100% +100% -3% 38% Rising cost of living for consumers Artificial intelligence (e.g. machine learning, neural networks) -100% +100% -100% +100% -26% 36% Role outlook Human-machine frontier Churn in five years Human-machine frontier 2% Five-year structural labour-force churn (percent) Tasks performed by humans and machines today and in 2027 (share of total) Global 23% Human Machine Industry Frontier Global Frontier Key roles for business transformation ALL TASKS Roles most selected by organizations surveyed (as either growing, stable or declining), ordered by net role growth, and their net growth and structural churn (percent) Now NET GROWTH INDUSTRY GLOBAL ROLES -50% 0 50% CHURN CHURN 69% 32% 2027 Forecast 16% 24% Business Development Professionals 58% 42% 29% 25% Project Managers Workforce strategy outlook 14% 34% Data Analysts and Scientists Talent outlook in 2027 Expected change in talent availability, development and retention in the next five years (share of organizations surveyed) 14% 18% University and Higher Education Teachers Improving Worsening Global average Global average 12% 19% Software and Applications Developers Talent availability when hiring -100% +100% 29% 44% 16% 22% Special Education Teachers Talent development of existing workforce -100% +100% 4% 79% 27% 25% Vocational Education Teachers Talent retention of existing workforce 18% 31% Relationship Managers -100% +100% 15% 54% 20% 19% Accountants and Auditors Accounting, Bookkeeping and Payroll 26% 29% Clerks 47% 42% Data Entry Clerks 52% 35% Administrative and Executive Secretaries