and Soviet Jews, 352 as strangers, 207 and trade with Soviet Union, 357 tribalism in, 209 Ulanovskaia on, 259–60 Zionism in, 209. See also Jews (American) universalism, 21, 24, 64, 70, 299 urbanism, 1, 10 of European Jews, 41, 46, 47 and Russian Empire Jews, 115, 116, 117, 118, 149 and Soviet Jews, 2, 210, 211, 212–213, 216–219, 222, 223, 224, 238, 243, 247, 252, 261. See also migration Uris, Leon, Exodus , 353 Uspensky, A., The Korenkov Affair , 219 usury, 5, 6, 41. See also moneylending Uzbeks, 336 Vainshtein, Rakhmiel, 345 Vaksberg, Arkady, 250 van den Berghe, Pierre, 25, 35 Varga, E. S., 302 Varshavsky, Anton Moiseevich, 119 Varshavsky family, 121 Vasiliev, Pavel, 249 Vatenberg, Ilya, 312, 313 Vavelberg family, 119 Veblen, Thorstein, 59–60, 91, 342 Vernant, Jean-Pierre, 27 Vienna, 47–48, 49, 50, 51, 63 Vietnam, 33, 38 Vilna, 128–29 violence, 29 anti-Semitic, 37