and difference, 19, 20 in France, 66 of Jewish nationalism, 100–102 in Joyce, 79 as mercurial and Promethean, 19 of Mercurians, 16, 20, 28, 29 national, 20 and nationalism, 45, 61, 65 and nation–state, 276 of Overseas Chinese, 20 of Pale Jews vs. non–Jews, 108 in Palestine, 213 revolt against, 137 in Russian Empire, 106, 127 of Russian Jews, 105, 108, 127–30 in Russian reading circles, 144 sacred, 20 in Soviet Union, 250, 276–77, 278 of strangers, 16–20 of United States, 276 vernacular, 18, 19, 100. See also culture Larin, Yuri (Lurie), 245, 248, 251–52, 262 Lassalle, Ferdinand, 85, 93–94 Latin America, 30, 31 Latvia, 152, 154, 169, 174 Latvians, 177, 273 Lavochkin, S. A., 303 law: American Jews in, 315, 318 discrimination by, 110–11 European Jews in, 50 Jews in, 1, 71, 104, 369 as modern occupation, 41 Russian Jews in, 125, 158