Soviet Jews in, 224, 301–2 learning: of European Jews, 46 in modernity, 1, 41 opposite views of, 107 of Russian Jews, 106 of Soviet Jews, 222. See also education Lebanese, 7, 25, 30, 31, 33, 34, 37, 369 Lebanese Maronites, 34 Leichter, Käthe, 63–64 Lenin, V. I.: in Babel, 170 on democratic vs. bourgeois cultures, 185 Ehrenburg on, 200 Gorky on, 163–64 and Help–hand, 155 Jewish ancestry of, 163, 338 Jewish Bolsheviks with, 169 on Jewish intelligentsia, 224 on Jewish progressives, 163 and Jews, 152 killing of Nicholas II by, 178 Kopelev on, 241, 242 and Latvians in Cheka, 177 nationality policy of, 246 on peasants, 163 populism vs. Marxism in, 148 and Russia nationalism, 277 on Russian backwardness, 143 on Tolstoy, 153 on Trotsky, 187 Leningrad, 176, 206, 217, 222, 223–24, 225, 230–31, 253, 301 Leninism, 103 Lermontov, Mikhail, 98 Leroy–Beaulieu, Anatole, 58–59