Lesin, Grigorii (Gersha Zelik) Davidovich, 119 Levenson, Joseph R., 371 Levi, Paul, 85 Levin, Boris, 219–20 Levin, I. O., 156, 185 Levine, Eugen, 85 Levitan, Isaak, 126, 134, 135 Levitan, Yuri, 226 Libedinsky, Yuri, The Commissars , 194–95,196 liberalism: of American Jews, 318–19, 350 and assimilation, 62–64 and Christianity, 318 and citizenship, 64, 158–59 and communism, 206, 207, 348 and culture, 71 and evil, 207 and family, 64 of France, 62 and Freudianism, 319 of Habsburg Empire, 62 Jewish promotion of, 71 as language, 64 and Marxism, 318 modernity as, 321–22 and nationalism, 99, 207 Nazi view of, 103 and patricide, 100 and Protestantism, 43–44 and Russian Empire, 153 Russian intelligentsia on, 158–59 of Russian Jewish revolutionaries, 153 and Soviet Jews, 338 and tribalism, 318