Epstein, Shakhno, 291, 294 equality: of American Jews, 207 in Russian Empire, 110, 115, 145, 148, 149, 154 in Soviet Union, 335 in United States, 336–37 Eretz Israel. See Israel Esperanto, 64, 99, 276, 279 ethnicity: and American Jews, 322 biological, 285–86 and Bolsheviks, 173–74 and nationalism, 65, 116 in Nazism, 366 Russian, 250 in Russian Federation, 361 Russian revolutionary intelligentsia on, 157 Shulgin on, 181–82 in Soviet Union, 246, 250, 274, 275, 276, 277, 285–86, 297, 301, 309, 314, 331, 335 stranger, 4 in United States, 207, 336–37 and victimhood, 346. See also blood; nationality; race Europe: bodily cleanliness in, 41 bourgeoisie in, 50 and China, 7 colonialism of, 6–7 development as Mercurian, 41 food in, 41 Gorky on, 164 intellect in, 41 vs. Israel, 364–65 literacy in, 41 modernity of, 1–2, 40–46 multiculturalism in, 364