neutrality, 67 of citizenship, 60 lack of, 63 of public life, 62 of secular culture, 51 of strangers, 5–6. See also liberalism New Economic Policy, 210, 218, 219, 220, 222, 229 Nicholas I, 49 Nicholas II, 178, 180 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 24, 55, 60, 82, 91, 163 Nigeria, 30 Nikritin, Solomon, 126 Nixon administration, 357 NKVD, 254–55. See also Cheka; OGPU; police, Soviet secret nomadism, 11, 54, 59. See also service nomads nose, Jewish, 77, 87, 128 Novak, Grigory, 191 nursing. See medicine Oblomov/Oblomovism, 162, 164, 193, 278 occupation(s): of American Jews, 210, 368–69 and anti-Semitism, 72, 73 of Armenians, 30 of diaspora Jews, 30, 40 in Europe, 41 of European Jews, 369 of Germans in Russian Empire, 111–13 Mercurian, 28 middleman, 25, 34, 105, 112, 115, 123 modern, 1, 41 in Pale of Settlement, 105 and restrictions on Russian Jews, 116, 123 of Russian Empire Jews, 115–16, 122, 123, 154