Judaism policy of, 247 Kazin on, 214 Lab-X, 305 language in, 250, 276–77, 278 and literature, 239–42 Marxism in, 102–3, 247, 248, 276, 322 Mercurianism in, 209, 237, 238, 254, 255, 310 migration to cities of, 2, 206, 210, 211, 212–13, 216–19, 222, 223, 224, 238, 243 and millenarianism, 269 and modernity, 331, 332 modernization of, 253–54, 277 and nationalism, 277–86, 288, 300 nationality in, 246, 247, 250, 275, 285–86, 293, 294, 297, 329, 331, 335–36 and nation-state, 208–9 nature of, 275–76 and Nazi alliance, 301, 315 Nazi invasion of, 286–97, 360 New Economic Policy of, 210, 218, 219, 220, 222, 229 nuclear physics in, 307, 332–33 occupational dissimilarity index in, 329 and Palestine, 268, 269 patriotism in, 277, 278 police in, 177, 190, 199, 215, 221, 235, 244, 254–55, 304, 306–7, 360 political elite of, 276–77 as precapitalist, 331 pride in Russia of, 275–84 professions in, 237, 331–35 proportional representation in, 335–36 purges in, 297–315, 318, 327, 329, 345–46 religion in, 246–47 restrictions on life in, 338–39 return to, 210