Jews (European): aloneness of, 74, 75, 76 Arnold on, 55 in arts, 50, 51 assimilation of, 67–75, 96 banking houses of, 47–48 as bearers of European culture, 71, 72 in business, 47, 49, 90 and capitalism, 54, 55–56, 73, 91, 100 Chamberlain on, 52–53 change into Apollonians, 46 Christian conversion of, 46 in Christian Europe, 40–41 and Christianity, 92 in civil service, 50 in commerce, 47, 49–50 and communism, 84–85, 94, 95–96 culture of, 67–75 in education, 50 education of, 49–50, 62, 63 as elite, 73 emancipation of, 51 emergence from seclusion of, 46 in entertainment, 50 as entrepreneurs, 72 family rejected by, 96–99 fathers rejected by, 73–74, 75–76, 96–97, 98–99, 100 in France, 62 Fraser on, 57 and Freud, 83–84 and German language, 67–69 and industry, 48 intellect of, 56–60, 90–91 Jacobs on, 53