JTB Resource Guide Sept21 Tourism & Green Invstmnt
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Jamaica Resource Guide TOURISM & GREEN INVESTMENTS “Investing in People, Planet and Prosperity” Introduction The United Nations World Tourism Organization’s theme for World Tourism Day 2023 is Tourism & Green Investments “Investing in People, Planet and Prosperity”. This theme was chosen to better support the successful implementation of Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The UNWTO highlights the World Tourism Day 2023 as there is a need for projects that work for People (by investing in education and skills, Planet (by investing in sustainable infrastructure and accelerating green transformation) and Prosperity (by investing in Innovation, Technology, and Entrepreneurship). (UNWTO Concept note) Investments have been identi昀椀ed as a key priority for future growth and development in the sector. Investing in people is important as they are seen as the foundation of tourism and through education and skills development, they can transform society. 2
The UNWTO sees the tourism sector as one which is essential for boosting competitiveness and increasing resilience, and therefore must play a role in transforming the green goals of Agenda 2030 and the SDGs. There is also the need to reduce emissions and there are investment opportunities to 昀椀nd adaptive solutions in this area. Current research highlights investments in innovation, technology, and entrepreneurship, and the focus is placed on young people and females. Research also shows that empowering women especially in entrepreneurship will reduce poverty and drive economic growth. The Clive Ta昀昀e Information & Resource Centre is pleased to develop this resource guide in commemorating World Tourism Day 2023 in Jamaica. The guide is developed to support tourism stakeholders as they seek to engage the public in this year’s theme. The guide will also be useful to students and teachers, especially those involve in tourism courses and tourism action clubs. This guide includes selected open access sources: electronic books, journal articles, reports, blogs, and videos on the theme; Tourism & Green Investments “Investing in People, Planet and Prosperity” and will remain a permanent resource on the JTB information portal. 3
“Investing in People, Planet and Prosperity” UNWTO Concept note for World Tourism Day 2023 4
Table of Contents • Investing in People 6 • Investing in Planet 9 • Investing in Prosperity 16 • Selected Videos 20 • Appendices 21 5
Investing in People Selected Publications Trends and Skill Needs in Tourism This publication is the result of a workshop which identi昀椀ed the changing skill needs in the hotel, catering, and tourism sectors in Europe. Since tourism is a very speci昀椀c sector, speci昀椀c knowledge about the sector is required. The skills and quali昀椀cations needed for tourism in general and the current trends were examined. The discussion of the trends or general societal changes are considered in昀氀uential. Some of these are seismic shift in people awareness, environmental impact of mass tourism, and the new tourist. Occupational 昀椀elds were also considered, and the new types of skills needed. 6
Suggestions for successful training strategies in the sector are given, for example making the learning process job-related, integrating learning into the career path of the employee, apply the mentor model and make learning plans transparent to users and embed the learning process in strong framework supported by the organization. The Future of Work in the Tourism Sector This report looked at the jobs created in the sector in particular for women and young people and migrant workers. The MSMEs represent the majority share of the industry and are the key drivers of employment. Despite its important role in terms of employment generation and enterprise creation, the sector faces various work challenges that need to be addressed for its potential for economic development. 7
Selected Articles An Interview Study to Explore the Perceived Usefulness of In-house Training Programs in Tourism and Hospitality Education by Kevin Fuch COVID-19 has accelerated the adoption of online teaching and learning modes. It has also abruptly changed the traditional teaching and learning methods that originally relied on physical attendance, including student internships. In-house training programs were launched by the university to o昀昀er students an alternative to their regular internships. The study is designed to investigate how university students in tourism and hospitality education perceive the usefulness of their in-house training in absence of industry placements. Predicting Students’ Response to Entrepreneurship in Hospitality and Tourism Education: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior Globally, the study of entrepreneurship is increasingly becoming a prominent component of hospitality and tourism education. However, uncertainties arising from an unpredictable business environment, inadequate governmental support as well as the rami昀椀cations of the recent Covid-19 pandemic have heightened the risks of starting business ventures. Yet the role of risk-taking propensity in driving entrepreneurial attitudes and career decisions in the context of developing economies has received limited attention. While entrepreneurial attitudes are driven by risk-taking inclination, 昀椀ndings suggest that entrepreneurial career decisions are more complicated. The study outcome further underscores the critical roles of personal attitude, norma-tive in昀氀uence, and behavioral control in shaping entrepreneurial mind-sets. 8
Pension Scheme for Tourism Workers O昀케cially Launched Speaking at the o昀케cial launch of the Tourism Workers Pension Scheme, the Minister of Tourism, Hon. Edmund Bartlett, indicated that Jamaica has recorded a historic 昀椀rst by being the only country in the world with a comprehensive tourism worker pension scheme. The minister states that “this underscores our commitment to improve the welfare of workers in the industry while developing the human capital and our recognition and appreciation that our people with one of the most amazing cultures in the Caribbean are the backbone to our very important tourism industry”. 9
Investing in Planet Selected Publications Tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals In this publication, tourism is recognized as one of the growing economic sectors in the world and a vital contributor to jobs and wealth creation. However, there is concern about preserving the natural and cultural heritage assets upon which it depends. As more people travel internationally there is more pressure from greenhouse emissions, economic leakages, resource management and impact on local communities. Tourism’s role in achieving 17 sustainable development goals can be strengthened when sustainable development becomes a shared responsibility and moves to the core decision- making within the sector. Tourism is often mentioned in relation to Sustainable Development Goals 18,12, and 17 in voluntary national reviews on SDGs. 10
20 Reasons Sustainable Tourism Counts for Development This publication identi昀椀es 20 reasons sustainable tourism counts for residents and travelers alike. When carefully planned and managed, sustainable tourism can contribute to improved livelihoods, inclusion, cultural heritage and natural resource protection. Sustainable tourism is identi昀椀ed as a vital component which ensures the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) goals 8, 12, 14 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 11
Tourism in the Green Economy – Background Report, UNWTO, Madrid The concept of tourism in the green economy is the basis of this report. The challenges the tourism sector faces amid the use of energy, and H20 emissions, water consumption, waste management, planning and governance. Conditions for enabling greening of the sector for increased investment in sustainable tourism developments working with the private sector are highlighted. Case studies from various regions show how tourism investments of governments and private entities are combined for sustainable green investments. 12
Selected Articles Gaps in Tourism Education and Workforce Need: Attracting and Educating the Right People The intense development of the tourism industry requires a skilled and quali昀椀ed workforce. It is important to attract the right candidates to tourism education, and subsequently provide relevant education to prepare students for the industry after graduation. While work placements may be useful and important, they are not the ideal solution. Hence, alternative approaches such as simulations and 昀氀ipped classrooms may be applied. To provide realistic expectations, a closer collaboration between industry operators and education providers is needed. Education providers should assume a more proactive role by inviting tourism operators and integrating them in the tourism education programs as guest lecturers. The Impact of Sustainable Tourism Indicators on Destination Competitiveness: the European Tourism Indicator System The focus of this article is on the impact of sustainable tourism indicators on destination competitiveness with reference to the European Tourism Indicator System (ETIS), a scheme funded by the European Commission to address the evidence gap in tourism policy making. An evaluation of the absorptive capacity of destination management organisations (DMOs) was carried out to implement and use sustainable tourism indicators to make policy decisions. Evidence was provided of how DMOs have acquired knowledge about the importance of sustainable tourism indicators through ETIS, and how they have assimilated it by developing their own systems based on the principles of ETIS. 13
Stimulating Sustainable Developments Through Tourism Concessions Countries can use their natural resources including parks, forest resources, to o昀昀er nature-based experiences and through investments, and partnerships with governments can achieve the goals of providing bene昀椀ts for the local people while protecting the environment. This case study highlights the importance of tourism developments using various management models Ecotourism in Tobago Travelers can immerse themselves in Tobago’s 昀氀ora and fauna. The island has the oldest protected rainforest in the Western Hemisphere (also listed by UNESCO). There are abundant opportunities to see colorful marine life, explore vibrant reefs, visit therapeutic waterfalls and more. Air Canada’s Commitment to a More Sustainable Future Sustainability can no longer be an afterthought, which is why the aviation industry is working towards the goal of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This will be achieved through a combination of increased fuel e昀케ciency solutions, alternative fuels, new technologies, carbon reduction and removal research and development, and more. Air Canada recognizes it must do its part to reduce its environmental footprint, which is why it’s working towards a more sustainable era of travel. Sustainable Tourism According to Alexandra Schirn, the vast majority of travelers look for sustainable options when traveling. According to three di昀昀erent studies, 96% of travelers, 90% of consumers, and 87% of tourists look for sustainable traveling options to positively impact the place they are visiting. Therefore, sustainable tourism is an extremely important consideration for travelers. 14
Tourism and SDGs The historic agreement among world leaders at the United Nations in 2015 on a universal 2030 Agenda for sustainable Development committed all countries to pursue a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that would lead to a better future for all. The bold agenda sets out a global framework to end extreme poverty, 昀椀ght inequality and injustice, and 昀椀x climate change until 2030. As the 17 SDGs and the corresponding 169 SDG targets o昀昀er the world a new direction, tourism can and must play a signi昀椀cant role in delivering sustainable solutions for people, the planet, prosperity and peace. Green Investments in Tourism: Unlocking Opportunities and Experiences for Sustainable Growth Oscar Morrison in his post indicated that the UNWTO highlights annually the increasing importance tourism brings to economic development worldwide. Charting a More Sustainable Course for the Tourism Industry Edmund Bartlett, Jamaica’s Minister of Tourism shares his views on the challenges of climate change, pollution, and runo昀昀. He indicated that government and companies need to 昀椀nd solutions to protect the natural resources on which the country depends. Industry should adopt co-friendly practices which are committed to sustainability. The support of sustainable tourism can contribute to multiple SDGs. 15
Investing in Prosperity Selected Publications Making the Business Case for Climate Smart Investments: Guidelines for the Tourism Sector This publication provides guidelines to developing and small developing states (SIDS) through the project to meet national mitigation commitments. Support is given to tourism sector businesses in the following areas: building space, cooling, food preparation, lighting, production of power and heat and water conservation. The potential sources of 昀椀nance and developing 昀椀nancial proposals are outlined. The basic guidelines for proposal writing for the sector are outlined. 16
Technology and Innovation Report 2023: Opening Green Windows The Technology and Innovation Report 2023 highlights the opportunities that green innovation – goods and services with smaller carbon footprints – o昀昀er developing countries to spur economic growth and enhance technological capacities. The report analyses the market size of 17 green and frontier technologies, such as arti昀椀cial intelligence, the Internet of Things and electric vehicles, and their potential to create jobs. Now is the time for developing countries to capture more of the value being created in this green tech revolution – and use it to grow their economies, make them more resilient to shocks and reduce inequalities. 17
Global Innovation Index 2022 The 2022 edition of the Global Innovation Index (GII) tracks the most recent global innovation trends against the background of an ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, slowing productivity growth and other evolving challenges. It reveals the most innovative economies in the world, ranking the innovation performance of around 132 economies while highlighting innovation strengths and weaknesses. Global Innovation Index 2022 – Jamaica Jamaica performs better in innovation outputs than innovation inputs in 2022. This year Jamaica ranks 88th in innovation inputs, lower than both 2021 and 2020. As for innovation outputs, Jamaica ranks 60th. This position is higher than both 2021 and 2020. Jamaica ranks 22nd among the 36 upper-middle- income group economies. Jamaica ranks 9th among the 18 economies in Latin America and the Caribbean. 18
Selected Articles What is Innovation Anyway? Youth Perspectives from Resource-constrained Environments Innovation manifests itself in myriad forms in developing communities. A better understanding of the meaning and rationale for innovation, as perceived by the rapidly growing youth population in developing countries, is pivotal to the design of practical and sustainable technology innovations and entrepreneurial ecosystems. ousetrain in tourism a Smart City and Smart Tourism: A Case of Dubai Over the past decade, the advent of new technology has brought about the emergence of smart cities aiming to provide their stakeholders with technology-based solutions that are e昀昀ective and e昀케cient. Insofar as the objective of smart cities is to improve outcomes that are connected to people, systems and processes of businesses, government and other public- and private-sector entities, its main goal is to improve the quality of life of all residents. Accordingly, smart tourism has emerged over the past few years as a subset of the smart city concept, aiming to provide tourists with solutions that address speci昀椀c travel related needs. Dubai is an emerging tourism destination that has implemented smart city and smart tourism platforms to engage various stakeholders. Ecotourism Challenges: The Case Study of Sainte-Anne Commune (Martinique, FWI) The case of the commune of Sainte-Anne and the experiment to revitalize the community, through sustainable development and ecotourism and involve the local population. The strategies used include integrating development policies, promoting professional integration of the population, especially young people and developing speci昀椀c programmes related to tourism activities. Ecotourism was integral to the new planning as it promotes practices in managing natural resources. 19
Selected Videos Partnerships for Tourism and Innovation: Startups for the SDGs Series of videos promoting innovation, youth development and youth empowerment Tourism & the SDGs Conference 2019 This conference on Tourism and the SDGs o昀昀ers the opportunity for a wide range of scholars and tourism stakeholders to discuss and debate both (i) challenges to tourism contributing to the SDGs, and (ii) ways in which tourism can deliver on its potential to be more inclusive, equitable and sustainable, in line with the values embedded in the Global Goals. UNWTO Green Investments – Government Green Incentives (Case studies) 20
Appendices Selected Open Access Resources Digital Library of the Caribbean (dLoc) The dLOC is a cooperative, multilingual, and multi-institutional digitization project of partners within the Caribbean and circum-Caribbean that provides users with open access to Caribbean cultural, historical and research materials held in archives, libraries, and private collections including the Caribbean Newspaper Digital Library, the Caribbean Map Collection, Panama and Canal Zone materials and The Vodou Archive. Directory of Open Access Books DOAB is a community-driven discovery service that provides access to scholarly, peer-reviewed books and helps users to 昀椀nd trusted open access book publishers. All DOAB services are free of charge and all data is freely available. SSRN – Social Science Research Network Social Science Research Network (SSRN) is devoted to the rapid worldwide dissemination of social science research and is composed of several specialized research networks in each of the social sciences. UNWTO elibrary The UNWTO Elibrary is an online service from the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) with a broad coverage of tourism and related subject areas. 21
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository This is the o昀케cial World Bank open access repository of its research output. Recognized as the largest source of development knowledge, the site consists of reports, working papers and other documents from member countries. Selected International Tourism Organizations Caribbean Tourism Organization The Caribbean Tourism Organization, with headquarters in Barbados, is the Caribbean’s tourism development agency. Its member countries and territories include the Dutch, English, French and Spanish, as well as a myriad of private sector allied members. The CTO’s vision is to position the Caribbean as the most desirable, year-round, warm weather destination, and its purpose is “Leading Sustainable Tourism - One Sea, One Voice, One Caribbean.” United Nations World Tourism Organization The UNWTO promotes responsible and universally accessible tourism and its value as a driver of economic growth. O昀昀ers leadership and support in advancing knowledge and tourism policies worldwide. World Travel and Tourism Council WTTC promotes sustainable growth for the Travel & Tourism sector, working with governments and international institutions to create jobs, drive exports and generate prosperity. 22