Amongst the 24 technologies outlined, four of the top five technologies are targeted at the energy climate action area of focus. Whether it is harvesting energy from the ocean (through thermal energy and tidal energy) or working to reduce emissions by storing energy more efficiently, it is vital that the public, private and scientific community work together to leverage the key technologies across the energy system to reduce emissions, and identify and resolve any and all indirect consequences. Noticeable exceptions in this table include wind and solar energy, which will be the foundation of a sustainable energy system. The technologies identified are the ones which hold the most amount of impact at scale, opposed to the ones which are commercially viable right now, which we should also be wholly focusing on. Estonia, a country with a strong startup and scaleup sector, outperforms all other countries for investment per tonne of CO2 emitted ($79). Total investment in climate tech companies in Estonia reached over $1bn for the rst time in 2022 and Estonian emissions are low (12 MMtCO2e or 0.04% of global emissions), in part, due to