Sub-Saharan Africa has closed 67.2% of the 0.5 percentage points or more in parity in 23 out gender gap on the Economic Participation and of 36 countries, with gains in parity in literacy rate Opportunity subindex. Liberia, Eswatini and Burundi in 23 out of 36 countries. However, the number are at the top of the ranking table, while Benin, Mali of countries with 90% or more parity decreases and Senegal have attained the least parity. At the with enrolment in successive levels of education. indicator level, there has been an improvement of Apart from Mali, Guinea and Chad, all countries 0.5 percentage points or more in parity in estimated have more than 90% parity in enrolment in primary earned income in 20 out of 36 countries. Further, education, and 16 have reached full parity. Ten the share of technical positions assumed by women countries have less than 90% parity in secondary has increased for more than 1 percentage point in education and 21 countries less than 90% parity in six countries, including populous countries such as tertiary education. the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ethiopia. Seven countries – including the Democratic Sub-Saharan Africa has the third-highest parity Republic of the Congo, Tanzania and Rwanda – score, 97.2%, on the Health and Survival subindex, have seen greater than 1 percentage-point rise in following Latin America and the Caribbean and the share of senior of昀椀cer positions held by women. Eurasia and Central Asia. Twenty-昀椀ve countries have more than 97% parity. Niger, Liberia and Mali are Sub-Saharan Africa is the lowest-ranked region in the lowest-performing countries on this subindex. closing the gender gap on Educational Attainment, All countries have attained parity in sex ratio at birth, with a parity score of 86%, and only Botswana, and 11 out of 36 countries are at parity for healthy Lesotho and Namibia have achieved full parity. life expectancy. Sixteen countries have achieved less than 90% parity on this subindex, with the Democratic With 昀椀ve countries having less than 10% parity Republic of the Congo and Chad achieving the and 昀椀ve countries with more than 40% parity, lowest scores. There has been an improvement of progress has been highly uneven when it comes TABLE 1.3 The Global Gender Gap Index rankings by region, 2023 Eurasia and Central Asia Europe Country Rank Score Country Rank Score Regional Global Regional Global Moldova, Republic of 1 19 0.788 Iceland 1 1 0.912 Belarus 2 41 0.752 Norway 2 2 0.879 Armenia 3 61 0.721 Finland 3 3 0.863 Kazakhstan 4 62 0.721 Sweden 4 5 0.815 Ukraine 5 66 0.714 Germany 5 6 0.815 Georgia 6 76 0.708 Lithuania 6 9 0.800 Kyrgyzstan 7 84 0.700 Belgium 7 10 0.796 Azerbaijan 8 97 0.692 Ireland 8 11 0.795 Tajikistan 9 111 0.672 Latvia 9 13 0.794 Türkiye 10 129 0.638 United Kingdom 10 15 0.792 Albania 11 17 0.791 Spain 12 18 0.791 East Asia and the Paci昀椀c Switzerland 13 21 0.783 Estonia 14 22 0.782 Country Rank Score Denmark 15 23 0.780 Netherlands 16 28 0.777 Regional Global Slovenia 17 29 0.773 New Zealand 1 4 0.856 Portugal 18 32 0.765 Philippines 2 16 0.791 Serbia 19 38 0.760 Australia 3 26 0.778 France 20 40 0.756 Singapore 4 49 0.739 Luxembourg 21 44 0.747 Lao PDR 5 54 0.733 Austria 22 47 0.740 Viet Nam 6 72 0.711 Croatia 23 55 0.730 Thailand 7 74 0.711 Poland 24 60 0.722 Mongolia 8 80 0.704 Slovakia 25 63 0.720 Indonesia 9 87 0.697 Bulgaria 26 65 0.715 Cambodia 10 92 0.695 Montenegro 27 69 0.714 Timor-Leste 11 95 0.693 Malta 28 70 0.713 Brunei Darussalam 12 96 0.693 North Macedonia 29 73 0.711 Malaysia 13 102 0.682 Italy 30 79 0.705 Korea, Republic of 14 105 0.680 Bosnia and Herzegovina 31 86 0.698 China 15 107 0.678 Romania 32 88 0.697 Vanuatu 16 108 0.678 Greece 33 93 0.693 Fiji 17 121 0.650 Hungary 34 99 0.689 Myanmar 18 123 0.650 Czech Republic 35 101 0.685 Japan 19 125 0.647 Cyprus 36 106 0.678 Global Gender Gap Report 2023 25