TABLE B.2 Top five risks identified by the Executive Opinion Survey (EOS) Congo (Democratic Republic of) Denmark El Salvador 1 Digital inequality 1 Breakdown of critical infrastructure 1 Debt crises 2 State collapse 2 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 2 State collapse 3 Debt crises 3 Severe commodity price shocks 3 Cost-of-living crisis 5 Interstate conflict 4 Geoeconomic confrontation 4 Natural disasters and extreme weather events 5 Cost-of-living crisis 5 Asset bubble burst 5 Employment and livelihood crises 5 Digital power concentration Dominican Republic Estonia 1 Cost-of-living crisis 1 Severe commodity price shocks Costa Rica 1 Cost-of-living crisis 2 Debt crises 2 Geoeconomic confrontation 2 Debt crises 3 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 3 Interstate conflict 3 Breakdown of critical infrastructure 4 Natural disasters and extreme weather 5 Severe commodity supply crises events 4 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Severe commodity price shocks 5 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Natural disasters and extreme weather 5 Cost-of-living crisis events Ecuador 1 Prolonged economic stagnation Côte d'Ivoire Finland 1 Cost-of-living crisis 2 Digital inequality 1 Geoeconomic confrontation 2 Debt crises 3 Natural disasters and extreme weather 2 Prolonged economic stagnation events 3 Terrorist attacks 3 Employment and livelihood crises 3 Severe commodity price shocks 4 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 State collapse 4 Interstate conflict 5 Failure of cybersecurity measures 4 Rapid and/or sustained inflation Egypt 1 Debt crises Cyprus France 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 2 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 1 Debt crises 2 Cost-of-living crisis 3 Cost-of-living crisis 2 Severe commodity price shocks 3 Failure of climate-change adaptation 4 Prolonged economic stagnation 3 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 3 Geoeconomic confrontation 5 Severe commodity price shocks 3 Cost-of-living crisis 5 Severe commodity supply crises 3 Erosion of social cohesion Czechia 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 2 Severe commodity supply crises 3 Severe commodity price shocks 4 Geopolitical contestation of resources 5 Interstate conflict Risk categories Economic Environmental Geopolitical Societal Technological Global Risks Report 2023 82