TABLE B.2 Top five risks identified by the Executive Opinion Survey (EOS) Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bulgaria Chad 1 Prolonged economic stagnation 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 1 Employment and livelihood crises 1 Digital inequality 2 Proliferation of illicit economic activity 2 Geopolitical contestation of resources 3 Employment and livelihood crises 3 Cost-of-living crisis 3 Terrestrial biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse 4 State collapse 4 Interstate conflict 4 Blue biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse 5 Human-made environmental damage 5 State collapse 5 Debt crises 5 Debt crises 5 Digital inequality Cambodia 5 Erosion of social cohesion 1 Geoeconomic confrontation 5 Digital power concentration 2 Cost-of-living crisis Bosnia and Herzegovina Chile 1 Severe commodity supply crises 2 Digital inequality 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 1 State collapse 4 Geopolitical contestation of resources 2 Erosion of social cohesion 3 Severe commodity price shocks 5 Failure of climate-change adaptation 3 Proliferation of illicit economic activity 4 Digital inequality 4 Severe commodity supply crises Cameroon 5 Cost-of-living crisis 1 Cost-of-living crisis 5 State collapse 2 Debt crises Botswana China 1 Cost-of-living crisis 3 Digital inequality 1 Geoeconomic confrontation 2 State collapse 4 Employment and livelihood crises 2 Natural disasters and extreme weather events 3 Severe commodity supply crises 5 Geopolitical contestation of resources 3 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 4 Failure of cybersecurity measures 4 Infectious diseases Canada 5 Debt crises 1 Cost-of-living crisis 5 Geopolitical contestation of resources 2 Debt crises 5 Asset bubble burst Brazil 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 3 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Digital power concentration 2 Proliferation of illicit economic activity 4 Failure of climate-change adaptation Colombia 3 Geoeconomic confrontation 5 Asset bubble burst 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 4 Severe commodity price shocks 2 Digital inequality Cape Verde 4 Employment and livelihood crises 1 Debt crises 3 Employment and livelihood crises 2 Cost-of-living crisis 4 State collapse 3 Geoeconomic confrontation 5 Cost-of-living crisis 4 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Employment and livelihood crises Risk categories Economic Environmental Geopolitical Societal Technological Global Risks Report 2023 81