Figure B.2 presents the top 昀椀ve risks for each of the “Risk 1” indicates the most frequently selected 121 economies surveyed. risk in each economy. Tied risks are presented in alphabetical order, with the tie indicated by Over 12,000 respondents were presented with the numbering. For example, in Angola, two risks (“Rapid following question: “Which 昀椀ve risks are the most and/or sustained in昀氀ation” and “Employment and likely to pose the biggest threat to your country in livelihood crises”) are tied for 昀椀rst place and there is, the next two years?” and were asked to select these therefore, no risk listed in second place. from a list of 35 risks. TABLE B.2 Top five risks identified by the Executive Opinion Survey (EOS) Albania Armenia Bangladesh 1 Infectious diseases 1 Interstate conflict 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 2 Failure of cybersecurity measures 2 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 2 Debt crises 3 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 3 Erosion of social cohesion 3 Severe commodity price shocks 4 Geopolitical contestation of resources 4 Severe commodity price shocks 4 Human-made environmental damage 5 Severe commodity supply crises 5 Geoeconomic confrontation 5 Geopolitical contestation of resources Algeria Australia Barbados 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 1 Cost-of-living crisis 1 Natural disasters and extreme weather events 2 Cost-of-living crisis 2 Debt crises 2 Cost-of-living crisis 3 Digital inequality 2 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 3 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 4 Geopolitical contestation of resources 4 Geoeconomic confrontation 4 Severe commodity price shocks 5 Interstate conflict 5 Failure of climate-change adaptation 5 Debt crises Angola Austria Belgium 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 1 Cost-of-living crisis 1 Employment and livelihood crises 2 Severe commodity price shocks 2 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 3 Cost-of-living crisis 3 Breakdown of critical infrastructure 3 Failure of climate-change adaptation 4 Collapse of services and public 4 Geoeconomic confrontation 4 Debt crises infrastructure 5 Severe commodity supply crises 5 Geopolitical contestation of resources 5 Geoeconomic confrontation Argentina Bahrain Benin 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 1 Cost-of-living crisis 1 Cost-of-living crisis 2 Debt crises 2 Debt crises 2 Severe commodity price shocks 2 Proliferation of illicit economic activity 3 Severe commodity price shocks 3 Employment and livelihood crises 4 State collapse 4 Prolonged economic stagnation 4 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Severe commodity supply crises 4 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Severe commodity supply crises Risk categories Economic Environmental Geopolitical Societal Technological Global Risks Report 2023 80