TABLE B.2 Top five risks identified by the Executive Opinion Survey (EOS) United Arab Emirates Uruguay Zambia 1 Cost-of-living crisis 1 Severe commodity price shocks 1 Debt crises 2 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 2 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 2 Cost-of-living crisis 3 Severe commodity price shocks 3 Prolonged economic stagnation 3 Failure of climate-change adaptation 4 Geopolitical contestation of resources 3 Cost-of-living crisis 4 Geopolitical contestation of resources 5 Geoeconomic confrontation 5 Automation and displacement of jobs 5 Failure of climate-change mitigation 5 Failure of cybersecurity measures Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Zimbabwe 1 Severe commodity supply crises 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation United Kingdom of Great Britain 1 Cost-of-living crisis 2 Collapse of services and public 2 Cost-of-living crisis infrastructure 2 Debt crises 3 State collapse 3 Geoeconomic confrontation 3 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 3 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 4 Collapse of services and public infrastructure 4 Failure of climate-change adaptation 5 Geoeconomic confrontation 5 Severe commodity supply crises 5 Terrestrial biodiversity loss and ecosystem 5 Prolonged economic stagnation collapse 5 Interstate conflict 5 Digital inequality 5 Asset bubble burst Viet Nam 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation United Republic of Tanzania 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 2 Infectious diseases 2 Debt crises 3 Geopolitical contestation of resources 3 Employment and livelihood crises 4 Natural disasters and extreme weather events 4 Geopolitical contestation of resources 5 Failure of cybersecurity measures 4 Cost-of-living crisis Yemen 1 Severe commodity supply crises United States of America 1 Debt crises 2 Collapse of services and public infrastructure 2 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 3 State collapse 3 Geoeconomic confrontation 4 Breakdown of critical infrastructure 4 Cost-of-living crisis 5 Proliferation of illicit economic activity 5 Failure of climate-change adaptation Risk categories Economic Environmental Geopolitical Societal Technological Global Risks Report 2023 89