TABLE B.2 Top five risks identified by the Executive Opinion Survey (EOS) South Africa Sweden Trinidad and Tobago 1 State collapse 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 1 Cost-of-living crisis 2 Debt crises 2 Cost-of-living crisis 2 Digital inequality 2 Collapse of services and public 3 Debt crises 3 Severe commodity supply crises infrastructure 2 Cost-of-living crisis 4 Failure of climate-change adaptation 3 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Employment and livelihood crises 5 Terrorist attacks 5 Widespread youth disillusionment 5 Geoeconomic confrontation South Korea Tunisia 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Collapse of a systemically important industry 1 Debt crises 2 Proliferation of illicit economic activity 2 State collapse Switzerland 3 Severe commodity supply crises 1 Severe commodity price shocks 3 Severe commodity supply crises 3 Severe commodity price shocks 2 Severe commodity supply crises 4 Cost-of-living crisis 5 Asset bubble burst 3 Geoeconomic confrontation 5 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Debt crises 3 Rapid and/or sustained inflation Türkiye 5 Natural disasters and extreme weather 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation Spain events 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Geopolitical contestation of resources 2 Employment and livelihood crises 2 Debt crises 5 Breakdown of critical infrastructure through 3 Interstate conflict cyber attacks 3 Cost-of-living crisis 4 Severe commodity supply crises Taiwan, China 4 Employment and livelihood crises 1 Geoeconomic confrontation 5 Debt crises 5 Geopolitical contestation of resources 2 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Severe commodity price shocks 5 Proliferation of illicit economic activity 3 Infectious diseases Ukraine 4 Natural disasters and extreme weather 1 Severe commodity supply crises Sri Lanka events 1 Debt crises 4 Severe commodity price shocks 2 Interstate conflict 2 Cost-of-living crisis 3 Large-scale involuntary migration Thailand 3 State collapse 1 Debt crises 3 Failure of cybersecurity measures 3 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 2 Cost-of-living crisis 5 Automation and displacement of jobs 5 Severe commodity supply crises 3 Human-made environmental damage 4 Digital inequality 5 Geoeconomic confrontation Risk categories Economic Environmental Geopolitical Societal Technological Global Risks Report 2023 88