TABLE B.2 Top five risks identified by the Executive Opinion Survey (EOS) Poland Rwanda Sierra Leone 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 1 Cost-of-living crisis 2 Breakdown of critical infrastructure 1 Cost-of-living crisis 2 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 3 Geoeconomic confrontation 3 Severe commodity price shocks 3 Debt crises 4 Employment and livelihood crises 4 Natural disasters and extreme weather 4 Natural disasters and extreme weather events events 5 Interstate conflict 5 Interstate conflict 4 State collapse 4 Employment and livelihood crises Portugal Saudi Arabia 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 1 Cost-of-living crisis 4 Digital inequality 2 Cost-of-living crisis 2 Interstate conflict Singapore 3 Debt crises 3 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 1 Geoeconomic confrontation 4 Severe commodity price shocks 4 Severe commodity price shocks 2 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Prolonged economic stagnation 4 Breakdown of critical infrastructure 3 Severe commodity supply crises 4 Failure of cybersecurity measures 4 Severe commodity price shocks Qatar 1 Cost-of-living crisis 5 Cost-of-living crisis Senegal 2 Natural disasters and extreme weather 1 Cost-of-living crisis events Slovakia 2 Geoeconomic confrontation 2 Debt crises 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 4 Geopolitical contestation of resources 2 Employment and livelihood crises 2 Severe commodity price shocks 4 Severe commodity price shocks 4 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 3 Severe commodity supply crises 4 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 5 Severe commodity supply crises 4 Asset bubble burst 4 Failure of cybersecurity measures 4 Interstate conflict Serbia 1 Geoeconomic confrontation Romania Slovenia 1 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 1 Severe commodity price shocks 1 Severe commodity price shocks 2 Geoeconomic confrontation 3 Interstate conflict 2 Geoeconomic confrontation 3 Interstate conflict 4 Cost-of-living crisis 3 Rapid and/or sustained inflation 4 Severe commodity price shocks 5 Asset bubble burst 4 Severe commodity supply crises 4 Cost-of-living crisis 5 Severe commodity supply crises 5 Geopolitical contestation of resources Risk categories Economic Environmental Geopolitical Societal Technological Global Risks Report 2023 87