When Atoms meet Bits
The Accenture Technology Vision 2023, “When Atoms Meet Bits: The Foundations of Our New Reality,” explores the technology trends underpinning the convergence of the physical and digital, as businesses look to accelerate enterprise reinvention in the here and now.
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Accenture Technology Vision 2023
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From insights to action, the path to extraordinary value starts here.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Foreword Businesses must embrace the foundations of our new reali While standing at the edge of the next great Yet our research shows that only 8% of companies The goal is not incremental improvement, but a step technological era, enterprises must navigate economic are adopting a strategy of total enterprise reinvention. change towards total reinvention. Not everyone may and geopolitical uncertainty. The natural inclination of These are the Reinventors, and we believe every be ready for this change, but leaders must prepare many organizations is to pull back. We have a different company must aspire to be one. Among that now for the future where the movement between perspective. Now more than ever is the time for leaders backdrop, our Technology Vision provides insights worlds is seamless and often simultaneous. to lean into strategies powered by technology to create to enable leaders and their organizations to act now differentiation. In fact, 10 years ago we predicted every to embrace technology and use the foundations of a We look forward to sharing our latest Technology business is a digital business, and this could not be new reality as a path towards reinvention. Vision and building the foundations of a new reality more accurate today. with you. With this vision, we examine our movement between We’ve talked about the 昀椀ve key forces of change two types of worlds, physical and digital. Over Technology is the answer. The time is now. that companies must harness over the next decade, the years, enterprises and individuals have taken including the need for total enterprise reinvention. many steps to create their presence in the digital Cloud, AI, and the metaverse, in particular, have space, consciously moving back and forth between accelerated to such degrees that they dramatically physical reality and the digital ones they created. speed up change, bend the innovation curve and We believe the time has come to change that. The Julie Sweet Paul Daugherty create more and more value for every business next wave of business transformation will erase the Chief Executive Of昀椀cer Group Chief Executive - Technology & Chief Technology Of昀椀cer and organization. demarcation between those worlds to fuse them into a new reality.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Contents
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Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision3 02 2 ision When Atoms meet Bits: echnology V The foundations of our new reality T We live in two parallel realities, one of atoms and one of bits. When we shop, we either go into a store or pull been leading with the digital ones we’ve been up a webpage. We work in person or remote. We rapidly expanding. The goal is not incremental collaborate with people and computers, but usually improvement, but a step change. An online store not at the same time. We live our lives split between here or a smarter object there may have been good the digital and the physical, and, frankly, moving enough in the past, but we are now realizing that across these separate realities is exhausting and the true value of combining digital and physical inef昀椀cient. Transitioning between them can be together goes much further. Look at generative AI. challenging, confusing, or impossible, and while it Interest in generative AI is surging, with new tools can be easier to focus on just one or the other, doing capturing the world’s attention faster than any other so is fundamentally limiting. recent technology. But how people are using them right now—to create digital images and content— So, it’s time to change that. The next wave of is just the beginning. We can already see that this business transformation will shift from creating technology is poised to shape the future of science, isolated digital capabilities to creating the enterprise data, how we design and manufacture foundations of a new reality—a shared reality that products, and so much more. seamlessly converges the physical lives we’ve
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Is it challenging? Yes. But even at a time when the facilities for its barley upcycling company, EverGrain, world faces an uncertain economic climate and is which uses technology and science to 昀椀nd new still in the shadow of recovery from COVID-19, we applications for byproducts of the beer-making 4, 5 are seeing enterprises make some of their most process. The company created a new barley milk- ambitious bets yet. They are fueling a new wave of based coffee drink with Airship Coffee, is developing digital-physical convergence that’s pushing us closer snacks with barley-based ingredients with Post to a seamlessly shared reality—leveraging the best of Holdings, and even developed barley straw-based atoms and bits to drive novel possibilties. packaging for Corona, turning a traditionally discarded byproduct into paper board boxes that 6, 7, 8 In healthcare, this shared reality is pushing us take 90% less water to fabricate. towards personalized care. With funding from the European Union, a consortium of hospitals, But not everyone is ready for this step change. For researchers, and startups have joined the Neurotwin many years the guiding pillar of enterprise innovation project, an effort to build digital twins of individual has been taking processes, even whole parts of the 1, 2 human brains. Each twin would be used to help organization, and digitizing them—from how the healthcare providers understand and predict triggers factory 昀氀oor is run, to loyalty programs, advertising, for neurological diseases and improve preventative supply chains, and recently the entire workforce. interventions. The project is set to launch two For people, the story has been no different. People studies on individuals suffering from Alzheimer’s and have spent years building a digital life: from how we 3 epilepsy in 2023. do our banking, to establishing ourselves on social media, to choosing streaming over cable—which the Even problems as big as sustainability are being relative majority of TV watchers did for the 昀椀rst time re-examined through the lens of what we can do 9 this past summer. when we combine physical sciences and digital technology. In 2022, AB InBev expanded production
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision While we have built a rich and meaningful digital big step after digital transformation. Though some world, we haven’t really reconciled it with the may see the metaverse as the culmination of the last physical one. Challenges with digital identity and wave of digital disruption, it’s better viewed as the data interoperability leave people overwhelmed beginning of the next. The metaverse is a watershed with technology and exposed to new dimensions of moment for the convergence of atoms and bits, fraud and risk. Many enterprises watched their entire accelerating the path to a singular shared reality. workforce go digital and are now suffering attrition Across the metaverse continuum we are making the as they struggle to 昀椀gure out how to hybridize a digital world behave more like how we experience remote workforce. We haven’t even really accounted the physical, and conversely we are using metaverse for the direct impact our digital efforts have had technologies to reimagine what we do in the on the physical world, like how an estimated 昀椀ve physical world. It is the nexus between digital and billion mobile phones will be thrown out in 2022 physical—which is why some of the most powerful alone, or how for all of cloud computing’s ef昀椀ciency ways we have seen the metaverse used are ways in bene昀椀ts, it has surpassed commercial airlines in its which we fuse the two. 10, 11 contributions to global CO emissions. 2 For example, the very 昀椀rst 3D-printed steel bridge in Given how disconnected and disjointed our digital the world was built in Amsterdam and was designed and physical worlds can feel, it’s no wonder that with this kind of digital-physical hybridization the next decade of innovative efforts is starting to 12 Not only was the bridge created with in mind. 3D-printing and robotic arms, but it was also be de昀椀ned by how we fuse the two together. The foundations of this new reality are already being put designed speci昀椀cally to coexist with a digital twin. It in place, so the time to make your own mark is now. was embedded with a cutting-edge sensor network that now feeds a digital twin with real-time data on Last year, in Accenture’s 2022 Technology Vision, vibration, strain, weather conditions, and more. The we called out the Metaverse Continuum as the next twin can predict how the bridge will behave, such
TTechnology Vechnology Vision 2ision 2023 023 | When A | When Attoms meet Bitsoms meet Bits #T#TechVechVisionision that maintenance needs can be quickly resolved and While the budding metaverse continuum is the engineers can better understand how 3D-printed most attention-grabbing frontier on the path to steel might be used in future projects. our new reality, it’s hardly the only one. OpenAI open-sourced one of the most powerful Automatic Other companies are endeavoring to thread Speech Recognition (ASR) neural networks, called digital back into physical. Google has been slowly Whisper, which was trained on nearly 700,000 hours integrating a new way昀椀nding feature into Google of speech-related data and approaches human- Maps called Live View. It creates an overlay of details 16 ASR and natural language like levels of accuracy. about, or directions around, users’ environments via processing are fusing the digital and physical by 13 And Snap doing away with today’s abstractions like keyboards geolocators and smartphone cameras. has been expanding its AR technology far beyond and gestures and allowing people to engage 昀椀lters, partnering with companies like Amazon, the digital world in one of the most human ways Puma, and Ralph Lauren to integrate 3D product possible: speech. modeling and augmented reality try-on features 14, 15 into the shopping experience. This blurring of Or consider the growing trend of cobots the digital-physical boundary is now exposing new (collaborative robots), a market that is set to expand We’ve arrived at an exciting frontier of technology modes of commerce: the company is rolling out a 17 These machines let the innovation for businesses, one where we’re not just to $16.3 billion by 2028. new “Dress Up” feature where users can discover, power of machine intelligence and automation digitizing but starting to put that digital foundation try on, and shop for new products directly in the app, bleed into the physical world, allowing people to to work. Fusing digital and physical is not only and the company reported 250 million people had work more naturally and unearth new ef昀椀ciencies. generating new products and services, it’s the force In one example, Moxi, a cobot designed for used its AR shopping lenses over 昀椀ve billion times behind a new era of scienti昀椀c research. Leaders are in just one year alone. hospitals, was able to save healthcare workers at one creating the next set of tools and disruptions poised hospital 3,200 hours by taking care of routine tasks to rewrite how the world works. And what’s become like deliveries and allowing the staff to spend more clear is that when atoms and bits collide, truly new 18 time giving care to patients. possibilities emerge.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision 2023 Technology Vision: e foundations of our new reali The convergence of our parallel realities will evolve over the next ten years. Enterprises will 昀椀rst 昀椀nd opportunity from it in speci昀椀c, narrower circumstances. It might begin as a digital twin for a single bridge, a robotics deployment in a hospital, or pairing a product designer with generative AI. But as these innovations proliferate, we will see them grow into entirely new physical environments, new ways of working in the metaverse, and more. Ultimately, the fusion of atoms and bits will disrupt the fabric of our worlds, where materials and living things are interlaced with technology and technology’s capabilities expand exponentially—leading us to a new frontier.
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Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision This year’s 2023 Technology Vision explores the will need to rethink their data collection and technology trends driving this new reality, and the architecture design to begin exposing the data steps enterprises will need to take to thrive in it. that matters. Leaders have an unprecedented We chart the path that begins with blurring physical opportunity to build trust with partners and and digital, continues through the intractable customers by proactively becoming more problems companies are starting to be able to transparent—or risk having someone else do it solve, and concludes with the science technology for them. revolution that’s bringing true novelty to businesses and the world. But the task of building this new reality won’t just be for humans. Generalizing AI explores how a new In digital identity we discuss how identity is the category of AI—spurred on by foundation models quiet catalyst of this next generation of innovation. and large language models—is becoming table Our biggest technological ambitions are being held stakes for any business operating in tomorrow’s back by old models of identity. The physical-digital market. With the sheer volume of data and insights convergence will only be sparked when people needed to drive solutions for the problems and things have identity that can traverse both enterprises face, business leaders will need to lean sides. And emerging forms of digital ID are 昀椀nally on the full capabilities that generative AI and the breaking down the walls that divide enterprises and next generation of AI advances provide. people’s physical and digital lives, sparking a torrent of change. And 昀椀nally, our forever frontier gives enterprises a window into what lies farther down the line: the Your data, my data, our data explores how science technology revolution. It explores how the transparency will be a precious resource for feedback loop between science and technology enterprises looking to lead these changes. is getting faster, with each accelerating the Supply and demand for data among all enterprise advancement of the other, in ways that begin stakeholders is dramatically increasing. Enterprises to unlock the world’s grand challenges.
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Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Bringing Atoms and Bits together: From IT and OT to ST Igniting a science technology revolution is the inevitable result of enterprises bringing atoms and bits together. As our digital and physical realities converge into one shared reality, physical science and digital technology are increasingly used to amplify one another, fundamentally reshaping the world around us. Companies already have a technology strategy that encompasses managing their information (IT) and controlling their physical systems (OT). To fully unlock the opportunity of our new reality, enterprises need to extend that strategy to a third dimension—Science Tech (ST).
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Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Take AlphaFold, a recent innovation out of DeepMind. related to protein folding—a restriction eliminated While other efforts like AlphaGo and AlphaStar by AlphaFold. In the short time since its creation, explored AI’s ability to win different types of games, AlphaFold has become a critical tool in the 昀椀eld of AlphaFold turned to a far more practical and biology, accelerating activities like drug discovery 19 Proteins are signi昀椀cant application: protein folding. and the study of novel bacteria and plant structures, the building blocks of biology, and their unique three- and deepening our understanding of deadly 21 dimensional structures determine what function they diseases. This is the true power of bringing science will perform. So, for instance, if a pharmaceutical and technology together, not just ef昀椀ciency or even company were developing a new drug, understanding acceleration—but how it completely reframes the various protein shapes would be critical to horizon of possibility, shattering what were once understanding how the drug will interact with the considered insurmountable constraints. person it is being administered to. The problem is, historically, these are extremely labor intensive to Leaders need to reorient around this mindset shift. It study, or computationally intensive to simulate. But is subtle, but profound. When enterprises approach in the summer of 2022, DeepMind publicly released digital transformation, it is often inward looking. It is a database of 200 million different protein structures about disrupting the enterprise, its partnerships, and —which covers nearly every protein known to its relationship to the market, and even demonstrating human beings—now available to all companies and new models to the market that force others to react. researchers around the world.20 The focus is on gaining advantage in the competitive landscape. But enterprises that look to science The takeaway goes beyond protein folding. AlphaFold technology are going one step beyond: They aren’t unlocked a grand challenge, and for enterprise getting a leg up in the same competition, they are leaders in all industries, that signals a brand-new rede昀椀ning the rules of the game. world of possibility. The 昀椀eld of biology has always been limited by the time it took to perform operations
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Computational chemistry researchers at the University generation of disruption is no longer about devising of New Mexico used high performance computing a technology strategy alone, it is about designing to accomplish in just four years research that would an innovation strategy that targets digital-physical have taken 7,257 years on a single laptop.22 Solugen, convergence. The companies that succeed will 昀椀nd a biotech startup, used science and technology themselves at the center of the science technology to develop a new method of fabricating industrial revolution, and for better or worse, enterprises aren’t chemicals out of sugar instead of fossil fuels, and is hurting for areas to make their play. already partnering with water treatment providers.23 And Nokia is partnering with AST SpaceMobile to enable direct-to-cell phone connectivity from space to rural or otherwise underserved communities.24 This is the next generation of technology disruption— not just digitizing the present but accelerating towards a previously unimaginable future. The path forward will be challenging. There is no one clearly de昀椀ned technology to invest in. Though there are some likely contributors like quantum computing, arti昀椀cial intelligence, and extended reality, the point is that this
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Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Grand Challenges: Taking action in our new shared reali Becoming a leader in building a shared reality and investing in the science and technology tools to get ahead of disruption are no small tasks. Understandably, every enterprise leader might wonder what the imperative is. Why try to get ahead, and why do we need to start now?
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Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Think about some of the biggest challenges facing This is the urgency. The problems enterprises enterprises today: a global labor realignment; supply are most affected by today are ones they are not chain disruptions; misinformation; mounting pressure yet equipped to solve. Yesterday’s strategies and from customers and governments for more sustainable technologies are proving to not be enough to solutions; a growing cyberthreat landscape. These overcome the grand challenges enterprises are problems are top of mind for every executive, but starting to stare down. Building a shared reality importantly, they are fundamentally different from the of atoms and bits is the necessary path to start problems of the past. These are massively interlocked tackling new problems in new ways. Technology problems, with numerous dimensions and a multitude has always risen to meet the needs of the time, and of different partners and stakeholders at play. now the challenges we face are bigger than any one company alone. It’s time to start forging the tools to Port delays and labor shortages across the food 昀椀x them, together. service industry are impacting the bottom line for food suppliers.25, 26 52% of companies have supply chain Think about sustainability. Environmental impact partners that have been impacted by ransomware.27 is one of the most pressing grand challenges And enterprises are poised to feel the impacts of that companies and the world face today, and climate change, even if they are managing to avoid increasingly more companies are eager to be part them today. In August 2022, for instance, companies of the solution. Though despite their eagerness, in China’s Sichuan province were forced to shut down many risk still missing their targets.29 When shared factories making solar panels, cement, and more, after solutions are built, however, the future starts to a worsening drought caused hydropower reservoirs become much more attainable. Take Mango to run low.28 Is it conceivable that any enterprise could Materials. The renewable bioproducts startup solve even one of these alone? Of course not. collaborated with researchers around the world to
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision 30 develop a bacteria-produced bioplastic designed to decompose in the ocean. So far, 昀椀ve oceanographic equipment manufacturing partners have committed to replacing all their traditional plastic with this new degradable bioplastic once it’s ready, with commercialization and other product applications being 31 explored as the collaboration evolves. Or look at the grand challenge of delivering better healthcare. When it comes to using data to improve treatment, hospitals are typically limited to their own datasets for patient privacy reasons. But in a recent study published in Nature Medicine, 20 hospitals from around the world participated in training a federated learning model called EXAM, which predicted future oxygen 32 The model leveraged data, including requirements of COVID-19 patients. patient vital signs, laboratory data, and chest X-rays, from all of the participating hospitals—but each hospital trained their own copy of the AI model and periodically shared updates with a centralized server, which then aggregated them to train the global model. In this case, the hospitals created a shared reality that they couldn’t have before, using federated learning to safely share digital data on physical information to improve AI predictions.
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Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Foundations for a new reality Mounting challenges on the global stage are forcing enterprises to reorient their business objectives and tackle collective problems; generalizing AI provides imagine how they can best contribute to solving us with the machine power to aid us in doing so; and these collective problems. Some of today’s problems our forever frontier is rapidly expanding as we bring might have been considered unsolvable before—but physical sciences and information technology closer as the convergence of atoms and bits continues together. These foundations of our new reality are the to grow, the bounds of possibility expand. Digital path to taking action. identity gives us a foundation to traverse digital and physical worlds; transparency builds the trust and The world is watching. unlocks the data insights necessary to expose and What will you do next?
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Our Four Technology Trends for 2023
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Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Completing 2023 Digital identity Your data, Generalizing AI Our forever the picture Trends my data, our data frontier Accenture’s Technology Vision report comprises a three- year set of technology trends, currently including trends from 2022 WebMe Programmable The Unreal Computing 2021 and 2022. Trends World the Impossible It’s important to recognize that each year’s trends are part of a bi…er picture. Tracking how they evolve over time o†ers a glimpse into how they may continue to grow in the future. 2021 Stack Mirrored Anywhere, From Me Trends Strategically World I, Technologist Everywhere to We
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision 2022 Trends
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision 2021 Trends
TTechnology Vechnology Vision 2ision 2023 023 | When A | When Attoms meet Bitsoms meet Bits #T#TechVechVisionision A day in our new reali It’s 2035, and old college friends Miriam, Alex, and Ben 昀椀ve minutes?” he asks, eyes widening. “Wild, right?” says the are grabbing a quick coffee before work. Ben’s favorite barista. “These are your default preferences, but you can tweak them in the app, and each time you check out it’ll coffee chain has just opened a new café in his of昀椀ce building, so he and Miriam meet there. con昀椀rm what you want just to be sure. Hit ‘OK’ when you’re ready—looks like we’re already connected to your wallet for v i b l s e n i I A l R e n s e “Alex texted—something hectic is going on at the payment.” s farm, but she says she’s ready when we are.” Ben says as he gets in line to order. “I hope everything’s okay,” says Ben’s feeling a bit tired, so he raises his caffeine level, then Miriam, “I actually ordered ahead—I’ll go pick up my drink taps the ‘OK’ button. “That’s it?” he asks. “That’s it,” says the and grab a table.” barista. “Our bean dispenser will give us a custom blend of our 18 coffee varieties—tailored just for you. Then I’ll make When Ben gets to the front of the line, he greets the your drink and have it out in a few minutes.” barista and touches his thumb to the 昀椀ngerprint sensor on the counter. “Oh! Trying out the personalization As Ben turns to 昀椀nd Miriam, his watch vibrates with a program today?” says the barista. “Yeah! I’ve been noti昀椀cation, letting him know he’s been airdropped an NFT hearing about it —I’m excited to see what the fuss is for trying the personalization program. Miriam is sitting at a about,” Ben says. The screen in front of him springs to table for three. “We’re just about ready,” she says as he sits life with dozens of his preferences—ideal caffeination down. They put on their AR glasses—and 昀椀nally they can see Alex, sitting in the empty seat beside them. level, 昀氀avor af昀椀nities, milk content, exact temperature, and more. “You got all this from me talking to an AI for Our Technology Vision 2023 trends are driving a new reality—one where our physical and digital worlds converge. As we progress through the report, we will continue Ben, Miriam, and Alex’s stories to illustrate what this reality could look like, and how our trends could impact businesses and people’s lives. w e r b d a e l i n s o s r e p
3 02 2 ision echnology V T Digital identity ID for everyone and everything 22
#TechVision Timeline Digital Identity #TechVision 2028 A major car manufacturer launches a digital leger, creating unique tokens for each car, allowing 2031 customers, dealers, 1986 2024 and service providers 20% of metaverse users 2016 to log accidents, also use their metaverse The RSA company releases India’s digital identity program, A major airline maintenance and sales identity for physical a key fob that displays Aadhaar, enrolls 1 billion tokenizes its loyalty of specific vehicles world activities like office codes to supplement residents and is estimated to 2018 program, giving badging or car rental passwords – the first 2008 save the government customers the ability to example of modern Delta Airlines opens the trade, sell, and choose multifactor 1997 Facebook Connect, $1 billion anually40,41 first biometric terminal how to use their miles 33 authentication one of the first social in the U.S., allowing Microsoft acquires media login services, travelers to use facial Hotmail, an email is launched37 recognition for service with check-in, bag drop 35 43 9 million users and more 2025 2030 A major delivery A consortium of 1994 2016 company faces a major banks entirely John Daugman of The EU passes PR crisis when drops email login Cambridge University 2002 GDPR, setting a new biometric personal over security receives a patent for Estonia introduces standard in data data is stolen because concerns 2033 the first iris a mandatory digital protection law42 of poor data security 2014 Several countries identification 36 2021 identity smart card 2026 begin to accept a 34 algorithm China introduces a Apple partners digital international national pilot of its 2016 with several U.S. To limit prescription travel identification social credit states to integrate fraud, medical insurers system in place of 38 The crypto wallet and health networks physical passports system MetaMask is driver’s licenses into agree to make biometric launched for consumers’ Apple identification the 44 the Ethereum Wallets industry norm 39 blockchain
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision The big picture Digital identi is quietly catalyzing the next generation of technology disruption, and the world’s leading innovators are starting to act.
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Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision In August 2022, Microsoft launched Microsoft Entra 50 These are only a fraction of including digital ID. Veri昀椀ed ID, a new product based on decentralized the initiatives underway, and the market for digital identity standards. The company’s vision is to build identity is expected to swell from $27.9 billion in 51 a new future for digital identity, where instead of 2022 to $70.7 billion by 2027. widely spreading identity data across countless apps and platforms, people and organizations can have Digital identity is ever evolving and notoriously greater trust in and control over what information challenging, but what these leaders have recognized 45, 46 And is a simple truth: Today’s identity efforts will directly is accessed, by whom, and for how long. already, proof of concepts and pilot programs are shape tomorrow’s most innovative businesses. underway with two universities, a healthcare system, What’s more, the entire C-suite needs to pay 47 and a government service. attention. While digital identity gives the illusion of being a technical challenge suited for the CIO’s or And other companies are also innovating in this CTO’s purview, the truth is it underpins many of our space. Early Warning Services and seven banks greatest business ambitions. including Capital One, Wells Fargo, Chase, and Bank of America launched Authentify —an identity Imagine what the next decade of your enterprise veri昀椀cation product that lets users log into their could look like. Does it include the metaverse, where online banks from participating websites and apps, people traverse a persistent digital environment streamlining the process for sharing sensitive for work, socialization, and recreation? Maybe 48 Apple has expanded its Wallet app, banking data. it involves the programmable world, where the moving beyond payment information to let users physical environment is threaded with technology store and share government-issued IDs like driver’s such that people can command their surroundings 49 And while not an example of innovation licenses. with a word or gesture. Or perhaps it entails the itself, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation committed growing intersection of science and technology, $200 million to digital public infrastructure projects, where possibilities like personalized medicine can be
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Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision realized. Whatever your preferred vision is, the next mobile-native biometrics and provides secure decade of technology disruption is being shaped by document scanning and storage, giving users how our digital and physical worlds intersect—and greater control over their medical information and the very epicenter of that exchange is digital identity. letting them seamlessly share it with providers 53 and payers. Moreover, it opens the possibility Look at what b.well is doing to improve healthcare of integrating other data, like proof of income, to 52 For many patients, there is critical ease the approval process for insurance policies or experiences. data that could improve outcomes; medical records, 昀椀nancial relief programs. And on the healthcare side, family history, genomic data, 昀椀nancial information, it gives providers access to standardized and even wearables that track sleep, exercise, and diet high-昀椀delity information about those in their care, could be used by providers and payers to deliver 54 all while reducing fraud and risk. better, more personalized care. But this data exists across a multitude of platforms and hosts, forcing Although this example is contained to a patients to repeatedly validate who they are. This single ecosystem, it sends a strong message. Emerging digital identity solutions are precisely, can mean going in person to of昀椀ces to request data, providing physical ID to prove who they are, if unsuspectingly, the answer to creating the types and then taking data to the relevant party just to of multi-partner value people and enterprises have long been desperate for. go through ID veri昀椀cation all over again. There’s too much friction that frequently leaves this critical information untapped. Every business leader needs to recognize that digital identity isn’t a technology question—it’s a strategic b.well saw this as an identity challenge, and business imperative. The web was never built with partnered with Mastercard to build a new intelligent an identity layer, and as companies have increasingly identity platform for healthcare systems. Their relied on digital technology to run their businesses, platform replaces emails and passwords with the challenges resulting from that gap have
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision continued to grow. People, assets, services and the The concept of a trusted, portable digital identity data we have access to are all predicated on strong across the web disrupts many of the conventions identity (knowing exactly who or what something is). we’ve come to accept. Tokenization, for instance, is How businesses ensure resilience, security, privacy, one of the most innovative technology trends that is consent and trust is inextricably dependent on the transforming how we authenticate ourselves, share quality of digital identity—and these are challenges data, own digital assets, and track physical things, that continue to plague enterprises today. While and it’s entirely predicated on the ability to reliably patchwork solutions have gotten us to this point, identify any person—or an y thing—in a trusted and achieving any further ambitions will require secure manner. solving the underlying problem. Only secure and trusted digital identity will let people frictionlessly authenticate themselves across any digital or physical environment, maintain 昀椀rmer control over the data they store and how it is shared, and alleviate concerns around security, privacy, and human factors like password fatigue. And for enterprises it could eliminate red-tape and reduce risk by having a more secure ecosystem for human and non-human entities alike. But importantly, early innovators in this space are now 昀椀nding that digital identity isn’t just about shoring up oversights of the past but also future- proo昀椀ng the enterprise for a world where data sharing and ownership is dramatically different.
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Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision fuel things like electric vehicles. By giving the plant to a 12-digit pin and has been used for of昀氀ine and and solar cells a unique digital ID, the company was online purposes like COVID-19 vaccinations and able to expose innovative new business models, contact tracing, as well as banking and 昀椀nancial ones that turned customers into stakeholders. services—and it is now being adopted by Sri Lanka too.58, 59, 60, 61, 62 And the European Union plans to roll 63 Soon enough, However, the time to seize the opportunity and out a digital identity system in 2023. become an early leader is now, and it won’t last long. it won’t just be early adopters creating digital Gaining advantage with single solutions and one-off identities. Businesses may soon be required to do disruptive new efforts today is only part of the story. so to integrate with state-level programs. Enterprise leaders must grasp the full scale and speed at which identity is changing our digital and Digital identity may not be a signi昀椀cant part of your physical landscapes. What we are truly witnessing innovation agenda today—but it needs to be. The is nothing short of digital transformation at a imperative is two-fold: while there is opportunity Look at how Wien Energie, an Austrian energy societal level. to explore, 昀椀nd value, and innovate around digital provider, recently tokenized one of the largest identity right now, there is also a speeding torrent 55 The photovoltaic (PV) solar plants in the country. The UN calls for the creation of a legal ID for of change coming that will inevitably shape what company created unique identifying tokens for each all people by 2030 as part of its Sustainable all businesses can do, and how they do it, across individual PV module in the plant, which were then Development Goals, so it’s no surprise governments the web. Some will experiment with their own sold to customers. Token holders receive an annual around the world are beginning to make digital digital identity projects. Others will investigate and 56 payment relative to the amount of energy produced identity a top priority. As one of the 昀椀rst digital prepare for how changes to digital identity will by the plant. Right now, it’s a closed system, so identity adopters, Estonia has 98% of its citizens demand business transformation. And for everyone, payment is made in the form of discounts on electric registered with its electronic identity system (e-ID) regulations are sure to come, so the last thing you bills. But the company envisions a future where that is used for public services like voting, health want is to be caught off guard and left behind. 57 India’s Aadhaar, with these tokens can be used to fund new plants, used insurance, taxes, and more. It’s time to stop overlooking digital identity. Let it as proof of origin for energy sources, or traded to a 93% adoption rate, ties biometric information catalyze your future.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision The technology e emergence of new digital identi solutions is both opening the door to new forms of value creation and challenging enterprises of all sizes and industries to rethink how identi is used across the organization. Grasping the signi‹cance of this trend is key to recognizing the opportuni that lies ahead.
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Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision To start, it helps to consider two basic categories When our bank, work, or social apps want us to of identity: The 昀椀rst is core identity, or the primary prove who we are, what do they do? Send us a text identi昀椀er of who or what something is. These are message. We’ve taken a number we share publicly, created for general purpose, like a national ID or for those who want to communicate with us, and legal name logged in a registry. The second category turned it into proof of who we are—and now we is functional identity, which is created for a speci昀椀c are starting to see the consequences. In one type purpose to convey certain characteristics or data of attack called SIM-swapping, hackers use social about a particular thing—like the way a driver’s engineering tactics to convince mobile carriers to license number is created to convey someone is re-route a target’s phone traf昀椀c to a new SIM card. legally allowed drive, or the way internet cookies are At that point, any messages, calls, or veri昀椀cation used to manage sessions and your activity when codes sent to the target number are received by the traversing the web. attacker instead. In 2021, the FBI logged 1,611 of these attacks—this was 5x growth over the previous three Of course, internet cookies and (in some countries) years combined and amounted to an astounding driver’s licenses aren’t used exclusively for those 64 At this $42,000 in average damages per attack. dedicated purposes. In practice, all too often we point, if a hacker has your phone number, they may take functional pieces of information intended for as well be you. a speci昀椀c purpose and, in lieu of a better option, use them as core identity. Digitally, we see this happen all the time because the internet was not built with core identity in mind. Consider what is happening to phone numbers. The entire ecosystem has become overly reliant on Mobile phone numbers are a functional piece of leveraging functional data, like email addresses or contact information. Yet, our phone numbers have social logins, to access services or identify people increasingly become the gateway to our digital lives, across the web. But now the legacy of never having built a system for core digital identity is catching up such that they are being used like core identi昀椀ers.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision with us, opening the door to fraud and fractured This is why digital identity is attracting such experiences. A recent study showed that over half signi昀椀cant investment. At a time when we are of consumers have abandoned a purchase or reimagining the relationship between our digital booking online because they forgot their password and physical lives, we want to avoid the mistakes 65 Invalid and retrieving it would take too long. of the past. Leading innovators are creating this traf昀椀c (the traf昀椀c comprised of bots and fake base layer of identity that has long been missing users) accounts for 40% of all web traf昀椀c, which and forging solutions that will become nothing 66 is a major issue for security and marketing teams. short of our new on-ramp to the web. And ad fraud, including click fraud (when invalid traf昀椀c engages an online ad), is costing businesses between $35-40 billion dollars annually, surpassing 67 losses from global credit card fraud. As the signi昀椀cance of our digital lives has grown, the problems have only become more acute. For instance, customers may inadvertently use multiple email addresses for a single service, and barring an onerous reconciliation process, this means multiple pro昀椀les for the same customer or vendor may exist, leading to billing issues, frustration with loyalty programs, problems processing returns and deliveries, and more. In essence, the absence of strong core digital identity has become an arti昀椀cial limit on what we can do with technology, as well as a downside to business.
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Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Core digital identity: centralized vs. decentralized Already, digitally-born core identities are starting lacking entirely)—fast track into the digital era by to emerge. Unsurprisingly, many of the biggest implementing identity capabilities built digitally efforts are spearheaded by governments, though from the ground up. It is currently being used in there are a number of public-private partnerships Ethiopia and the Philippines, and there is a planned and grassroots efforts as well. It’s a complicated 68, 69 inter-country effort across West Africa too. landscape, but every enterprise needs to take note of these evolutions as they will quickly become a Centralized efforts tend to be easier to deploy and primary way to engage customers. to build for purpose, and for those reasons may come to dominate much of the core identity The best way to make sense of these efforts is ecosystem. However, as with any centralized system, to look at them across a spectrum of centralized challenges include concerns over a single point to decentralized, each with advantages and of failure and privacy fears over who controls the disadvantages. centralized platform. The Modular Open Source Identity Platform (MOSIP) The other, increasingly popular, approach to is an example of a centralized effort. It is based off core identity has been to create decentralized, or India’s Aadhaar system, but is completely open distributed, platforms. These efforts, sometimes known as Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI), are based source and modular, meant to 昀椀t various countries’ requirements. Governments can leverage the code on blockchain and distributed ledger technology, as a starting point to build digital identity systems so rather than one central authority, they rely on which they then have complete control over. consensus mechanisms from multiple parties to MOSIP is intended to help countries—particularly validate identity. In late 2022, the World Wide Web in regions where physical institutions are weak (or Consortium (W3C) published a speci昀椀cation for
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Decentralized ID (DID), signifying an important step The advantages to distributed approaches are As it stands, the core identity ecosystem is messy — 70 Also forward for decentralized identity efforts. enhanced safety, security, and trust—but the nature a testament to the rapid innovation happening in fall 2022, the Linux Foundation announced the of decentralization leaves things harder to build for today. But the amount of change bubbling beneath OpenWallet Foundation (OWF). Instead of publishing purpose. Usability, interoperability, and fears over the surface is enough that every enterprise should identity credentials or standards, OWF wants to account recovery are challenges that can end up take note. From large state-led projects to novel create open-source software that will democratize hurting adoption. methods of authentication, how enterprises engage the process, allowing any organization to develop people—whether customer or employee—is starting 71 Importantly though, enterprises don’t have to wait their own digital wallet. to change on a foundational level. What’s more, for tomorrow’s standards or apps to start bene昀椀ting while that alone would be enough to re-engineer Early efforts are already demonstrating how from this technology. The government of British systems, an even bigger change is yet to come: decentralized core identities could radically Columbia (BC) built OrgBook BC, a blockchain- how the use of those identities is starting to evolve. transform our experiences on the web. For example, based publicly searchable directory for the 74 Microsoft’s ION is an identi昀椀cation service that runs 1.4 million organizations registered in the province. on the Bitcoin network. Users of ION can replace Countrywide every year, Canadian companies waste an estimated C$10 billion on administrative red email and password logins with a unique identi昀椀er 72 75 authenticated by blockchain. Any other personal tape, like vetting permits. Now, with OrgBook, data exists off-chain, making this purely a core a unique digital identity is created for every identity solution. And Web3 wallets, like MetaMask registered business in BC, which is then associated and Trust Wallet, are increasingly being positioned with the various licenses and permits the business as core IDs as well. They provide users with a unique has quali昀椀ed for. This allows OrgBook BC’s public- non-custodial ID (the individual holds the private facing website to automatically validate a company’s key to the ID), which can be used to access a whole ID and credentials against the blockchain every slew of next-generation digital services, like storing time its name appears in a search, providing users a NFTs, transferring cryptocurrency, or interacting with trusted record of companies’ registration status and 73 distributed apps (dApps). selected licenses and permits.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision The implications Parallel to the wellspring of e†ort to introduce core digital identi is an equally large push to rethink the function of those identities: how we create and associate data about those identities, how that data is shared and managed, and the balance of ownership across the ecosystem.
TTechnology Vechnology Vision 2ision 2023 023 | When A | When Attoms meet Bitsoms meet Bits #TechVision TTodaoday they these changese changes ars are just ste just stararting tting to manifo manifeest,st, on a pron a proofoof-of-of-st-stakake blocke blockchain built bchain built by Py Polyolygon,gon, While Starbucks is more of a contained ecosystem so leso leaderaders has havve a chance te a chance to pull aheo pull ahead, lead, lead theirad their StStarbuckarbucks custs customeromers will be able ts will be able to collecto collect for now, Permission.io is looking to introduce a competitcompetitorors, and shape what comes, and shape what comes nes next. Bxt. But neut neww unique tunique tokokens, stens, storore them in digite them in digital wal wallets, andallets, and similar paradigm across the web. Permission.io fforms of digitorms of digital identity and the subsequent datal identity and the subsequent dataa eexxchange them fchange them for bene昀椀ts likor bene昀椀ts like vire virtual classetual classes,s, allows advertisers to allocate a dedicated amount parparadigms aradigms are gre groowing in popularity bwing in popularity by the day the dayy, so, so unique merunique merchandisechandise, or a trip t, or a trip to one of theo one of the of the company’s cryptocurrency ($ASK) to a lefleft unaddrt unaddreessed, businessed, businessesses les leaderaders will quicklys will quickly 7676 The cust The customer oomer owns theirwns their 78 Consumers can then earn compancompanyy’’s coffs coffee fee farms.arms. given ad campaign. ttokokens outright, so if theens outright, so if they dony don’’t wt want one of theant one of the varying amounts of the currency by opting into 昀椀nd themselv昀椀nd themselvees rs racing tacing to cato catch up tch up to a futuro a future thee theyy are unprepared and ill-equipped to engage with. bene昀椀ts, thebene昀椀ts, they ary are fre free tee to sell it on Odysseo sell it on Odysseyy’’s opens open data sharing or engaging with content. Consumers Already, some are experimenting with how digital markmarketplace tetplace to another custo another customeromer. It tr. It transfansforms theorms the have the freedom to do what they want with their identities allow them to approach data differently, ststandarandard lod loyyalty pralty progrogram intam into a community in whicho a community in which earned currency—either hold it, sell it on an open devising and executing new strategies that lean into the custthe customer is also a stomer is also a stakakeholder and has mucheholder and has much exchange, or be immediately rewarded by trading it the novel capabilities the technology presents. mormore contre control ool ovver what theer what they oy own. Stwn. Starbuckarbucks knos knowsws in on Permission.io’s website for gift cards to major 79 Whereas its pilot is experimental but believes it’s an important brands like Domino’s Pizza and Nordstrom. Starbucks allows consumers to own a share in their Take Starbucks, which is exploring how digital 昀椀rst step to “[potentially] create an expanded, wallets can transform their loyalty program with a shared-ownership model for loyalty”—and to build loyalty, Permission.io gives consumers a new ability 77 to own their data and attention. new NFT effort called Starbucks Odyssey. Based upon in future collaborations as well.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Permission.io and Starbucks are leveraging who can then exchange those tokens for China’s 81 tokenization, one of the leading ways enterprises central bank digital currency. And Goldman Sachs are starting to innovate around identity. Tokenization is building an end-to-end tokenization solution for 82 is the process of taking a “thing” and creating assets in its portfolio. an associated digital asset, often stored on a blockchain. Importantly, these examples also What’s clear is that the disruptive impact of these show how identity innovation isn’t limited to changes to digital identity is going to be huge: it people. Starbucks and Permission.io are tokenizing is bringing forward a new paradigm for data and loyalty and attention. The “thing” can be any asset ownership. And soon enough, it won’t just be leaders from a shipping container to a piece of art or capitalizing on early opportunities and upsides— every business will be forced to think about identity 昀椀nancial securities. and data differently. In essence, tokenization is the process of creating an immutable, functional identity for anything: physical, digital, unique, or not. And once those identities are created, enterprises can start to transform what they do with them. Unilever and SAP are using a blockchain system where tokens are created at 80 The tokens the source for batches of palm oil. allow Unilever to trace speci昀椀c crops through their supply chain and connect them directly back to the farms they were sourced from. The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) created Icago, a tokenization system that allows public transit operators to issue NFT “carbon credits” to riders,
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision 87 After three weeks the topics refresh, and no to comply. While data collection and use was parties. history of past topics is saved or stored. And if there largely a CIO activity before, GDPR requirements It is crucial that enterprise is skepticism around how much enterprises will drive for explaining how data was used, user control this trend forward, regulators aren’t far behind them. requirements, and downstream data sharing leaders understand the Gartner predicts that by 2024, 75% of the global quickly roped every part of the business into the 90 Failure to comply has been met in–ection point digital population will have its personal data covered under discussion. 88 identi is in right now. privacy regulations. with steep 昀椀nes—and not just to tech companies, 91 but to hotel chains and airlines as well. In short, Stated bluntly, by no choice of their own, enterprises GDPR changed the risk proposition, guardrails, and may no longer have access to the data they’re used requirements for how enterprises around the world to having. The third party and consumer data they use data—and subsequently, how they innovate. currently rely on is starting to disappear, and with With digital identity poised to be a deeper and more no preparation to rotate to the new models, the seismic shift than GDPR, enterprises need to start trickledown effect could be massive. It is crucial that preparing with the same urgency. In early 2021, Apple introduced a number of privacy enterprise leaders understand the in昀氀ection point changes to iOS that turned all third-party app digital identity is in right now: it is not just that new This is why experimenting with new forms of identity, tracking and data sharing into an opt-in experience; doors of opportunity are being opened, but many of digital wallets, and tokenization isn’t all about by 2022, on average only 25% of users opted-in to the old ones that enterprises rely and depend on are chasing upside—it’s about exploring and preparing 83, 84 And Google intends to kill cookie app tracking. starting to close. for the pivot tomorrow will require. Onyx, an identity 85 tracking in its Chrome browser. It’s new planned solution being developed by JPMorgan, for instance, system, called Topics, will categorize activity into 350 While these changes are often welcomed by could be used as a way to credential people across 86 Every week users’ 92 predetermined general “topics.” consumers, enterprises are understandably nervous. the metaverse, Web3, and decentralized 昀椀nance. top 昀椀ve “topics” plus an additional randomized sixth 69% of U.S. marketers believe the elimination of The solution will allow people to bind digital assets to topic will be calculated and stored by Chrome— third-party tracking will have a greater impact than a decentralized ID and then pick and choose which and only a random subset will be shared with third 89 And GDPR left businesses scrambling data they want to share to access services across GDPR.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #T#TechVechVisionision the web—such as opting to use one’s credit score 93 While to leverage a “buy now, pay later” option. the solution is still in development, the underlying With digital identi takeaway is that one of the largest investment banks in the world, accustomed to having deep access to poised to be a customer data, is envisioning (and building!) a world deeper and more where customers decide what data businesses have seismic shi• than access to and when. GDPR, enterprises As we shift towards a consent- and value-based data need to start ecosystem, rather than the track and surveil one preparing with the that exists today, businesses need to be prepared same urgency. for disruptions to their data pipeline. Exploring tomorrow’s solutions will help enterprises navigate those disruptions, but the technology alone is only half the solution. Enterprise leaders need to be asking themselves: How will we gain—and earn the right to maintain—access to a person’s data, when they are the ones who own it?
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision The bottom line Core identities, biometrics, tokenization, and other emergent technologies are beginning to and shape the future of digital identity will enjoy alleviate digital identity’s past shortcomings— enhanced security and resilience to changes but will also challenge businesses in ways they in the wider marketplace and build renewed are unprepared for, like shifting access to critical data and needing to integrate new technologies. con昀椀dence with their customers and partners. But the enterprises that rise to the challenge Most importantly, they will have a head start on the future—and push us ever closer to a better web, and a better world.
TTechnology Vechnology Vision 2ision 2023 023 | When A | When Attoms meet Bitsoms meet Bits #T#TechVechVisionision A day in our new reali: Miriam After coffee with Alex and Ben, Miriam decides and 昀椀tneand 昀椀tness wss weeararableables dats data. Ua. Using this infsing this information,ormation, as was well as cityell as city--wide air quality datwide air quality data, the docta, the doctor seeor seess to walk to work. Her company’s of昀椀ce is only 20 minutes away, but before long she’s lightheaded, that spikthat spikees in Miriams in Miriam’’s hes hearart rt ratate and blood pre and blood preessurssuree short of breath, and feels a sharp pain in her chest. arare corre correlatelated with upticked with upticks in pollution. Shes in pollution. She’’ss Panicking, she calls an ambulance. diagnosed with sediagnosed with sevverere ene envirvironmentonmental asthma andal asthma and rrecommended fecommended for an eor an experimentxperimental drug trial.al drug trial. Miriam’s call automatically triggers an app on her phone, which grants emergency services access to As parAs part of the trial, shet of the trial, she’ll r’ll recorecord the frd the frequencequencyy her medical records. When paramedics arrive a few of her asthma atof her asthma atttackacks and her adhers and her adherence tence to theo the minutes later, they’ve already checked her allergy drug rdrug regimen in her appegimen in her app. The inf. The information willormation will and medical history, and give her a shot to ease her be anonbe anonymizymized, and then uploaded ted, and then uploaded to a publico a public breathing. Once it takes effect, the paramedic in datdatabase fabase for ror reeseseararcherchers and docts and doctorors ts to analyo analyzzee.. charge updates her medication history and signs SomedaSomedaSomedaSomeday when the study concludey when the study concludey when the study concludey when the study concludes and her ts and her ts and her ts and her teeeestststst with a thumbprint. Then, their access to her grgrgroup is roup is roup is reeevvveeealed, the app will autaled, the app will autaled, the app will automatically updatomatically updatomatically updateee records ends. so her medical histso her medical histso her medical histso her medical historororory is alwy is alwy is alwy is alwaaaays completys completys completys completeeee.... Later, Miriam’s doctor wants to dig deeper into the issue, so Miriam uses her app again to grant the doctor access to her records—speci昀椀cally health
TTechnology Vechnology Vision 2ision 2023 023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision3 02 2 Your data, my data, our data ision Why transparency echnology V will become your T most precious resource 41
#TechVision Timeline Your data, my data, our data #TechVision 2021 A new record is set for the most successful 1972 2018 orbital launches in a year – 135105 NASA launches the first The U.S. Congress 2028 satellite of the Landsat passes the OPEN 1965 Program, an effort to Government Data Act A telecom company document the entire 2010 requiring federal demonstrates the ability to 96 agencies to publish Japanese clock company Earth from space An estimated 2 2020 wirelessly transmit 1 terabyte Yamasa creates the their data and of data per second first commercially zettabytes of metadata in an open, Snowflake, a cloud 2026 available pedometer data are created standardized and data warehousing 2022 100 (Manpo-kei)94 this year machine-readable company, goes public, A citizen hacking 2006 format101 raising $3.4B in the Nasdaq begins group publishes 2031 An estimated 161 largest software IPO requiring companies the salary and DEI exabytes of data are ever103 listed on its U.S. information of A national grocery chain is 98 exchange to publish most Fortune 500 able to facilitate 1-day created this year the diversity metrics companies recalls for produce thanks 107 of their boards to their supply-chain-wide traceability program 1966 Kelley Blue Book 2008 2020 publishes the first Glassdoor launches its An estimated 2025 New Car Price public beta version, 64.2 zettabytes California requires 2030 95 Manual 2005 offering transparency 2019 of data are 2022 new commercial The European Space 2032 into salary data and created this 680 financial buildings to put Agency (ESA) unveils new The amount of Yelp revamps its employee sentiment99 Zhamak Dehghani year104 institutions send temperature technology that tracks all data created this website and allows introduces the idea letters to the boards sensors in each orbital objects and year increases users to start sharing of a Data Mesh, a of 10,400 companies, room and report 2027 determines ownership. 300x over 2027 97 reviews of business new enterprise data asking them to aggregate data ESA plans to fine owners numbers architecture102 disclose The amount of of objects that violate environmental data created this deorbiting laws 106 year increases impact data 150x over 2022 numbers 42
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision The big picture In the not-so-distant past when you were deciding where to eat, you might rely on word- of-mouth or the occasional expert guide. en in 2005, 108 Yelp changed everything.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision The company created a digital service for customers As businesses and governments around the world to share reviews of businesses—which is now a go-to continue to invest in digital transformation, these website for foodies, based on millions of restaurant windows are popping up everywhere. Look at the ratings and reviews from fellow diners. airline industry. For years, industry-wide data on 昀氀ying was scattered. But Cirium, an aviation-data It was an industry-altering move. Yelp changed marketplace, 昀椀gured transparency could improve how people 昀椀nd restaurants, how restaurateurs the way the industry is run. The company now get publicity, and how customers voice their quanti昀椀es and aggregates aviation data from 97% experiences at restaurants and other businesses of scheduled 昀氀ights worldwide, so customers can too. Research shows that a restaurant can increase track an aircraft’s usage and part wear, see real-time its revenue by 5% to 9% if its Yelp rating goes up 昀氀ight schedules of about 880 airlines, and even 昀椀nd 111, 112, 113 by one star—and even a half-star bump can help a emissions. a speci昀椀c 昀氀ight’s CO 2 109, 110 And restaurant sell out 49% more frequently. it’s all based on data that was already out there— Similarly, due to countless shippers, forwarding customers always had opinions, they just weren’t agents, and transportation companies behind the recorded or made accessible to this degree before. scenes, the freight industry has long struggled with black-box costs and price volatility. But the company What Yelp did is create a “window of transparency” Xeneta tackled this problem by aggregating millions —a clear, detailed, and expansive view into a piece of data points on ocean and air freight rates as well of the world around us. Beyond pure data, these as shipping lanes. Xeneta today analyzes more than windows can provide real insights into business 300 million freight rates, 160,000 port-to-port lanes, processes, consumers, market shifts, investments, 114 It uses and 40,000 airport-to-airport connections. corporate leaders, and entire industries. And today, that data to de昀椀ne benchmark rates at market value they’re shaking up more than just dinner plans. and shares those rates on its platform. Overcharging is easier to spot and stop as a result. Associated
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #T#TechVechVisionision British Foods, for example, used Xeneta’s benchmark In successfully creating greater lines of sight into rates to negotiate a 30% decrease in their shipping their business, companies have created a new 115 With a clear window into the industry— spending. eexpectxpectation: Pation: People belieeople believve that this date that this data ea existsxists one that anyone can see through—stakeholders can ((or should eor should exist), and thexist), and they wy want tant to see it to see it toooo. F. Frromom leverage this information to make their operations information about sourcing to climate impact, more ef昀椀cient. salariesalaries, divs, diverersity hiring, and morsity hiring, and moree, w, we hae havve shife shiftteded from an information environment that accepts So why is this level of transparency only coming opacity to one that expects transparency. For to freight, aviation, and other industries now, when example, when it comes to making grocery choices, Yelp has been functioning for many years? It comes one report found two-thirds of shoppers would down to maturing digital strategies and how they’ve switch from their usual brand to one that provides changed the way people and enterprises think about 116 Another study deeper information about products. data. As businesses built robust data practices, they found that 60% of people shopping for clothes drove major shifts in the data ecosystem, from the want more information about how their clothes skyrocketing volume of data to transformations are produced so they can make more ethical 117 And this trend isn’t restricted in how data can be shared and managed. purchasing decisions. Subsequently, enterprises today have more precise to consumers—the demand is being driven by all insight into their operations than ever before. But manner of stakeholders in an enterprise’s ecosystem. that’s not all. As the appetite for data grows, it’s also They are no longer wondering if enterprises have the changing. Now, it’s not just businesses looking for data they want, it’s an assumption that they do. this level of information, it’s everyone: governments, consumers, employees, shareholders, watchdog We’re moving from the historic reality where data groups, business partners, media, even curious was scarce (and often a proprietary secret) to a new individuals. reality where data is being systematically quanti昀椀ed 45
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision and made available—and it puts enterprises in a growth, optimization, and ef昀椀ciency. It can also number of dif昀椀cult positions. First, most corporate bolster an enterprise’s operations, improve customer Before companies can data architectures aren’t built to handle this level experiences, and build a trusted reputation by even think about turning of transparency. Even as many have built out data driving accountability to values like fairness and transparency into a resource, strategies, they are still not fully tapping into the sustainability. data at their 昀椀ngertips. Consider this: the world is they need to be prepared to The Swedish footwear brand Icebug illustrates how being quanti昀椀ed at a historic and accelerating rate. handle this quanti of data 47 zettabytes of data were created in 2020 alone— giving customers more information can drive loyalty and manage it responsibly. and by 2035, it is predicted that 2,142 zettabytes of and pro昀椀ts. Customer consciousness has been a 118, 119 And the number major factor in purchasing decisions—in fact, data will be created each year. of connected IoT devices worldwide is expected 121 66% of customers want eco-friendly products. 120 Before companies Icebug recognized that footwear makes up 2% of to reach 27 billion by 2025. can even think about turning transparency into a global carbon emissions, so they bet that publishing resource, they need to be prepared to handle this sustainability information would make customers quantity of data and manage it responsibly. 122 The brand happier, ultimately boosting sales. partnered with fashion traceability 昀椀rm TrusTrace Second, even if your data architecture is leading to collect, store, and analyze sustainability metrics, edge, your strategies in a world of plentiful data such as the percentage of recycled material used need to change too. It’s not enough just to have the in a shoe. Icebug made those 昀椀gures public on the data, your company needs to be able to assess the brand’s website and in retail shops, and a year later, 123 quality and integrity of it, as well as act on and share saw a 37.8% increase in its annual net pro昀椀t. the insights it 昀椀nds. Like the aviation and freight examples demonstrated, transparency can bring enterprises big advantages. It can offer industries
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Spotify demonstrates another way to attract not take the helm, gathering and sharing information customers through information sharing. First within as well as beyond their walls, third parties can introduced in 2016, Spotify Wrapped is a and will meet that demand 昀椀rst. personalized summary of the music, artists, podcasts, and genres that a user listened to in This is a generation-de昀椀ning moment. We are 124 By packaging and presenting the past year. beginning a business era driven by transparency personalized data from an individual user back to rather than opacity. Enterprises are at the forefront them, it not only allows users to re昀氀ect on the year of changes radically reshaping the world, and being and learn about their listening habits, but it is also a leader in this next era will depend on trust—making designed to be shared on social media, sparking transparency your most precious resource. Yet engagement and surfacing content—with Spotify to succeed, your company’s data strategy—how at the center. In 2021, Spotify Wrapped received you create and collect, manage, and use your mentions in 1.2 million Twitter posts, and during the data—likely needs a reboot. You’ll need to look at week of its campaign, downloads of Spotify’s mobile your entire data lifecycle, rethinking what data you app increased 21%. collect and how you collect it, looking at your data management approach and how it might fall short, Lastly, you’ll need to update your branding strategy, and reassessing how you use data, who has access because once this kind of data exists you can’t to it, and what business functions you want from it. assume that it won’t get out to the public. Skeptical? It’s a big undertaking, but the bene昀椀ts that can be Most companies don’t publish salary information, gained are too big to pass up. but you can 昀椀nd it on Glassdoor. Want to know We are beginning a business who the biggest CO emitters are? Check out the 2 era driven by transparency, University of Massachusetts’s Greenhouse 100 Polluters Index. Increasingly, when companies do rather than opaci .
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision The technology e expectations around transparency today are a direct function of the technology that has become an inextricable part of our world. To turn transparency into a strategic advantage, enterprise leaders ‹rst need to understand the technology shaping it, and why the conditions demanding transparency will only accelerate moving forward. en, they need to design the data strategies that will let them generate, manage, and share their own data with ease.
TTechnology Vechnology Vision 2ision 2023 023 | When A | When Attoms meet Bitsoms meet Bits #TechVision Building the conditions for transparency Back in 2013, Target made what was, at the time, coming into the company’s stores, trying out Worldwide, the supply of data is growing fast. considered an incredibly bold move. The company and falling in love with a product, only to pull up Much of it is being generated online—in the past became one of the 昀椀rst retailers to announce a their smartphone and 昀椀nd an online retailer with year the internet had 5.07 billion users total, with an year-round price matching policy that included a cheaper price. Shoppers had nearly perfect 126 However, average of 6.5 hours spent online a day. 125 Target pricing found on popular e-commerce sites. the contributor that is perhaps most in昀氀uential on information, instantly attainable at their 昀椀ngertips, adopted this policy because they were grappling and so they acted on it. transparency is how advances in sensing technology with a “window of transparency.” Customers were are generating new types, and enhanced 昀椀delity, of While price matching in the retail industry is old data about our physical world. From our health to news, what it teaches us is more relevant today our home, sensing technologies increasingly play an than ever: the conditions for transparency all come integral role in our daily lives. The new Apple Watch down to data and connectivity. In Target’s case, what can calculate sleep cycles down to the minute and 127 And in Sweden, But data alone isn’t enough. drove them to act was a combination of pricing track heartbeat irregularities. e availabili of that information from online competitors (a new data researchers built a low-cost nano-sensor that can 128 data is key. at’s where source) and frictionless access to that data via their detect pesticides on fruit in a matter of minutes. communications technologies smartphones (connectivity). Today, we are seeing a rapid acceleration of both new types of data While each of these new sensors operates on a small come into play. and our ability to transmit and access them with scale, they give clear, quanti昀椀able lines of sight into increasingly larger systems. One research effort unprecedented speed. This con昀氀uence is creating incredible opportunity for “windows of transparency” demonstrated how a low-cost microsensor can to open, giving enterprises a stark choice: get ahead recognize and locate the distinct sound of a leaky 129 Scientists at the now or risk missing out. water pipe with 100% accuracy.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision University of Washington created a self-powering But data alone isn’t enough. The availability of that data is key. That’s where communications sensor that can 昀氀oat in the air like a dandelion seed and measure the temperature, humidity, and other technologies come into play. In addition to data 130 And volumes growing, we are seeing the ability to details of the surrounding environment. Climate Trace uses 300 satellites and over 11,100 transmit data grow dramatically—over long sensors to track carbon emissions across global distances, to places previously unconnected, 131 industrial sectors or even at a single power plant. and in nearly real-time. As the cost of sensors drops and their capabilities For example, T-Mobile has been building out a grow, we are entering a time with extremely precise 5G network and they are thinking bigger than and expansive information about our bodies, connectivity just for phones. The company environments, and world. When enterprises think partnered with Pano AI and Portland General about generating and pulling back the curtain on Electric to deploy 5G-connected cameras in remote, this data, it can be used to disruptive effect. wild昀椀re vulnerable areas. Pano AI placed its arti昀椀cial intelligence enabled cameras in rural locations, then Take Planet Labs. Every day, satellites from Planet used T-Mobile’s 5G network to quickly transmit the 136 Labs capture 300 million square kilometers of data. This lets users access real-time observations images from space at a 3.7-meter resolution—a and data—and has resulted in users reporting 昀椀res clarity so high that the naked eye can see individual when they start and enabling authorities to respond 132, 133 animals. The company partnered with King more quickly. And now, T-Mobile and SpaceX have Abdullah University in Saudi Arabia to capture daily, also announced a partnership to use Starlink’s cloud-free images from space of a Nebraska corn satellite constellation with the goal of providing 昀椀eld. The images showed the crops’ health, which near complete coverage in the U.S.—even in remote helped farms tailor 昀椀eld irrigation, and better predict locations previously unreachable by traditional 134, 135 137 crop yields. cell signals.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Managing the data deluge Data and connectivity generate the conditions for transparency—but they don’t guarantee From our health to our enterprises’ ability to manage it. In a June 2022 study, “Evolve Your Data Practices To Stay Ahead home, sensing technologies Of The Competition,” Forrester found that 79% of increasingly play an integral enterprise decision-makers believed their enterprise role in our daily lives. 138 struggles to “take insight-driven action in real time.” An underlying issue is that data within enterprises is often siloed—so it’s no surprise that when respondents were asked to name the top challenge in better using customer data, 56% stated the lack of integration between data sources. If your data infrastructure is already struggling with the massive 139 amounts of data it contends with, then it will only data as well as do other key data preparation tasks. buckle under the greater data load that is on Recently, for example, the restaurant reservation the horizon. company OpenTable used Clarifai’s auto-tagging feature to help employees moderate content in Enterprises need to start building their way out of images uploaded to OpenTable’s platform. After this data deluge if they hope to turn transparency integrating this auto-tagging, OpenTable noticed into trust. Emerging AI tools will likely play a its content moderation became 16 times more big role in your enterprise’s transition. They can productive; on average, each moderator jumped 140 autonomously aggregate, de-duplicate, and auto-tag from moderating 300 to 5,000 photos a day.
TTechnology Vechnology Vision 2ision 2023 023 | When A | When Attoms meet Bitsoms meet Bits #TechVision Another technology that can bolster your data a hard time hearing games in the team’s stadium. strategy is a knowledge graph, which links related But the team’s management did not know where data points and visualizes those links. These graphs those fans sat to 昀椀x the game’s speakers there. So, often include semantic layers, or text descriptions the Seahawks turned to Tableau’s heat mapping 95% of the data, which make it easier to 昀椀nd what you tool. After inputting their Voice of the Fan survey need. Stardog partnered with NASA to build a data, four corners of the team’s stadium lit up in of global executives knowledge graph out of various data sources about Tableau’s visualization, showing where those fans agree new data the manufacturing of NASA’s Space Launch System who complained of poor sound quality sat. The architectures and rocket. So, instead of NASA engineers manually Seahawks could recon昀椀gure the stadium’s audio pulling in data, they could query a knowledge graph system without buying a new one, saving money strategies are required to get the data they sought, resulting in a ten-fold and improving fan experiences. 141 to manage the dramatic increase in their productivity. changes to their But isolated tools won’t be enough. Enterprises organizations’ data Importantly, emerging tools are allowing non- need to think top to bottom about their data engineers to tap into technologies in the data management. Fortunately, two emerging data landscapes. management toolbox as well, allowing your management strategies, data mesh and data fabric, enterprise to build a more data-forward company hold promise to revamp your enterprise. They culture. For instance, self-service analytics can let each have unique bene昀椀ts and differences, but employees, regardless of their technical background, underscoring both is streamlining and de-siloing explore your enterprise’s data to 昀椀nd insights. data architectures. This can both empower workers and help solve business problems. Take the Seattle Seahawks, a With data fabrics, the goal is to defragment 142 professional American football team. For years, an enterprise’s data architecture by leveraging the National Football League (NFL) Voice of the Fan automation and metadata to build a single source survey found that some Seahawks supporters had of truth across disparate data sources. It is a top-
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision down approach that installs a virtual layer on Data mesh is another emerging concept which top of an organization’s various data sources for tackles the problem in a different way. If data fabrics tightly controlled, uni昀椀ed, data management. try to assert top-down management over data, data Metaphorically speaking, it is like building a mesh treats each data source as an independent zoo around your data. You aren’t changing the product. Coined by Zhamak Dehghani in 2019, underlying data, and in fact you’re trying to preserve data mesh stresses domain-speci昀椀c expertise, 145 Data mesh is another the environments—but at the same time you’re management, and governance. The owners of data building consistency across the enclosures, better sources are distributed and entrusted to manage emerging concept which descriptions about what’s inside, and a map to where data themselves, with the expectation that they tackles the problem everything is so it’s all readily accessible by everyone. are trying to reduce the friction to access that data in a di†erent way. (typically through the use of APIs). The major boon here is how the single source of truth and automation can dramatically increase This is particularly useful for businesses that have productivity. One survey found data scientists varied data needs across different environments. spend 45% of their time on data preparation tasks, For instance, an oil and gas company may seek to 143 including data loading and data cleansing. While understand offshore extraction data at one site, these steps may be time-consuming and tedious, then pipeline ef昀椀ciency data at another. So, instead they are necessary to ensure data quality for things of something like a data lake pooling information like data visualization or model development. A data together, a data mesh paradigm can help a company a solid data management strategy is necessary in fabric paradigm can automate data tasks, saving access data across locations from multiple sources. this new era of transparency. That said, the ability the enterprise and its employees’ valuable time, to unlock “windows of transparency” is not the thanks to an active metadata management system. No matter which data strategy you end up with (and same thing as actually opening them. Indeed, many Gartner predicts that by 2025, “active metadata- it can even be both), data mesh and data fabric, businesses will choose to keep their insights under assisted automated functions in the data fabric will as well as the technologies behind them, can help lock-and-key—but as exempli昀椀ed by Yelp, they may reduce human effort by a third, while improving data your enterprise manage its data better—and having 昀椀nd their data out in the open anyway, and soon. 144 utilization fourfold.”
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision The implications e “windows of transparency” that are starting to emerge re–ect the beginning of a new business landscape everyone will soon ‹nd themselves operating in. It will reshape customer and partner relationships and the value of data and how it’s gathered, creating a market with closer to perfect information than ever before.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision To thrive in this landscape, enterprises need to Internal: Actively generating transparency can also help quickly start revisiting their data technologies and satisfy new internal requirements. Increasingly, build transparency as the demand (or opportunity) Transparent enterprises can see more clearly the local regulations across a number of geographies for it emerges. But technology is only half the story. gears that make their business turn. That clarity are placing maximums on carbon emissions, and 147 Businesses also need to shift their mindsets towards brings problems or inef昀椀ciencies to light, which penalizing companies that pass that threshold. It embracing transparency, revisit how they calculate can then pave the way to solutions. Until we means companies have to be able to both measure risk, and think more multidimensionally about the and report their emissions to ensure compliance. know that a problem exists, we can’t 昀椀x it. And value of their data. transparency can be that illuminating force to To help building owners, Measurabl and Singularity strengthen internal operations. Energy launched a tool that quanti昀椀es and monitors 148 A “window of transparency” frees information—and buildings’ CO emissions. This tool can determine 2 under your management this can be a powerful Digital twins are “windows of transparency”—and a building’s compliance with local regulations, give thing. Does it mean to you should share all your data they are one of the best ways to shine a light on building owners a 昀椀nancial risk report based on their all the time? No, data must be collected and used a business’s internal workings. While they may carbon emissions, and create a decarbonization plan per building. Making carbon emissions visible responsibly—privacy and con昀椀dentiality are essential not be new, they are getting better in signi昀椀cant, will not only ensure a company’s compliance and and should always come 昀椀rst in any decisions more transparent ways. For instance, Bentley surrounding data. But companies also shouldn’t be Systems’ platform for building digital twins of critical commitment to sustainability, but overall, it will take a overly conservative. When it comes to transparency, infrastructure systems, iTwin, now includes iTwin city one step closer to being cleaner and healthier. there are valuable gains to be found for businesses’ Experience, which acts as a “single pane of glass” to internal operations, for customers, and for the public, integrate and overlay engineering, operations, and 146 and you don’t want to miss out. information technology data. This allows owners and operators to more easily visualize, query, and analyze digital twins at different levels of granularity and scale, effectively empowering them to make better informed, more actionable decisions.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Customer: Wanting to emulate the success of Spotify Wrapped, but now the assumption must be that people have that information. In an environment with increasing many other companies from 昀椀tness trackers to With customers, opening up greater transparency news sites and delivery services explored ways to activity from fake or bot-generated reviews, it 149 can help enterprises revitalize and enhance For example, present data back to customers. bene昀椀ts enterprises to think about how they don’t existing relationships – and even become an The Washington Post launched its personalized shy away from the conversation, but ensure it is a fair avenue for securing new ones. At a time when annual year-in-review in 2022, summarizing a and accurate depiction. Trustpilot seeks to rekindle trust is top of mind for consumers, the value of subscriber’s reading habits to reveal their unique customer trust by requiring that reviewers share an 150 transparency cannot be understated. Approach reading “personality.” It reminds readers of all the email address and leave their reviews within one these new data demands head on, and you will content they’ve enjoyed and the value they got year of purchasing a product. Moreover, Trustpilot build a trusted relationship with customers and from The Post—and the reader’s unique “Newsprint” employs community 昀氀aggers, a paid human see them become enthusiastic brand champions. looks like a 昀椀ngerprint, ready to be shared on social enforcement team, and algorithmic detection 152 Data about customers has long been valuable to media. And other companies provide year-end data to get rid of fake reviews. Trustpilot found that the enterprise—now it is time to make it valuable to back to their customers in aggregate. For instance, 74% of consumers are more likely to purchase from 153 customers as well. according to Strava’s 2022 Year In Sport, cyclists a website that shows Trustpilot reviews. Veri昀椀able riding in groups rode both farther and faster, on reviews are key to building a credible brand average, than those who rode solo—hard proof that and loyalty. 151 it really is bene昀椀cial to have a training partner. For years there have been calls for companies to be Being transparent with Being transparent with customers, however, is also responsible and open about the data they collect customers, however, is also about allowing feedback to be shared with you. on customers. Now the expectation is that it will about allowing feedback Thinking back to Yelp, we know people’s reviews can be a two-way street. Enterprises are being given to be shared with you. shape consumer behavior. It’s understandable that the unique opportunity to not just step away from enterprise leaders are reluctant to embrace reviews practices that leave customers skeptical, but also systems since bad ones can hurt the business— actively embrace ones that reinforce trust.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Societal: For example, as more enterprises begin to look beyond the limits of our planet and up towards One of the biggest drivers in the demand for space, the world is quickly running into the problem transparency is how both enterprises and people of “space junk.” Debris from satellites, rocket alike are starting to confront problems that are launches, and more are starting to crowd the areas 59% bigger than any one business. But tackling complex around our planet creating all manner of dif昀椀culty, multivariate problems, once again, demands reliable from obstructing astronomers to interfering with of executives report and transparent data. future rocket launches. Normally, no enterprise accelerated innovation would treat this as “their” problem, but Privateer, and 56% report greater 154 a space startup, decided to shed light on it. The company built a publicly accessible object tracking trust with customers as platform to trace the orbits and velocity of all the the leading bene‹ts of objects crowding our planet. The hope is that by increased transparency quantifying this problem, others can start working for their organizations. on a solution—or at least stop making the problem worse in the near term. What’s become clear is that transparency can drive signi昀椀cant bene昀椀ts for a huge range of stakeholders. Whether companies are looking to improve their operational ef昀椀ciency, transform their relationship with customers, or take part in solving some of the world’s most challenging information-related problems, this new approach and mindset around data is key.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision The bottom line “Windows of transparency” are coming, whether you’re the one opening them or not. The decision companies need to make today comes down to whether they seize this moment and We no longer operate in an environment that 昀椀nd ways to take advantage of the changing accepts opacity. Partners, customers, regulators, data ecosystem, or if they’ll resist these changes and more are all demanding greater insight into and miss the opportunities ahead. your business and industry than ever—and if you don’t meet those demands, someone else will.
TTechnology Vechnology Vision 2ision 2023 023 | When A | When Attoms meet Bitsoms meet Bits t r #T#TechVechVisionision i e v e l e l u i c e l t s a a n s t p c s e i A day in our new reali: Alex n o d i n r o n e Alex is a farm manager, responsible for hundreds Today’s news: satellite images show an anomaly in of acres of land in the Midwestern United States. one of her soybean 昀椀elds. Alex heads out to inspect It’s a lot to keep track of—but she’s not doing it the 昀椀eld, and to her dismay, 昀椀nds discoloration on alone. Every morning, she starts her day with a the crop leaves. She’s pretty sure she knows what it is but takes a dozen photos and uploads them for brie昀椀ng from TerraWise, her AI assistant for all things agriculture. TerraWise to con昀椀rm. a s n l c a y i t I A a o b r h s d a TerraWise regularly aggregates and analyzes a Later, during a coffee break with her friends, d massive stream of data, from soil sensors, drone TerraWise pings her with the results. As she footage, farm equipment, satellite images, weather suspected—it’s soybean rust. This can spread forecasts, and more, and alerts Alex to the most quickly, so they need to act fast. Using what it knows important information. about the history of the 昀椀eld, as well as leading research on soybean rust, TerraWise generates a t custom fungicide plan for the affected crop, as s n u a r e b y o s well as preventative treatment for surrounding 昀椀elds. It also sends an alert to neighboring farms’ AI assistants. With luck and her neighbors’ help, they may all manage to avoid crop loss.
TTechnology Vechnology Vision 2ision 2023 023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision3 02 2 Generalizing AI ision The radical edges— echnology V and possibilities— T of intelligence 60
Timeline Generalizing AI 2021 #T#TechVechVisionision The Beijing Academy of Artificial 2027 2021 Intelligence 2012 announces 2022 A prestigious art The Eurpoean Wu Dao 2.0; museum opens a AlexNet, a 2019 Union proposes the a multimodal text DeepMind 2024 gallery dedicated solely convolutional neural AI Act, the first and image introduces Gato, to AI-generated network trained on Hugging legislation foundation model a general purpose Several new search engines artwork GPUs, achieves Face releases concerning AI, with 1.75 trillion agent foundation have emerged, featuring 2030 a breakthrough V1 of its that would ban, parameters165 model that can foundation-model-based 1956 performance on Transformers regulate, or allow AI perform a wide 75% of knowledge workers 161 “quick answer” services globally interact with an The Dartmouth Summer the ImageNet 2016 NLP library applications based range of tasks that give users direct and application, service, or agent Research Project on benchmark test157 on an assigned risk across multiple thorough answers to powered by foundation Artificial Intelligence AlphaGo beats category162 modalities and queries models daily workshop, considered a 18-time world embodiments167 founding moment for the Go champion 155 159 field of AI, convenes Lee Sedol 2021 Researchers at Stanford University publish 2024 2029 a paper coining 2022 A new generation of 1986 the phrase OpenAI releases 30% of social 2033 2017 2020 “foundation virtual assistants is built media ads are A university deploys a Dave Rumelhart, Google introduces models”164 ChatGPT, a highly with transformer-based autonomously general-purpose Geoffrey Hinton, and 2015 OpenAI trains sophisticated foundation models. generated using Ronald Williams publish the Transformer AI GPT-3 (Generative chatbot168 Increased adoption is foundation models. foodservice robot, built a landmark paper on OpenAI is network architecture Pre-trained attributed to more Ads must still pass with a foundation model, 158 in a paper titled to take on odd jobs in back-propagation - founded “Attention Is All You Transformer), which 2022 sophisticated and natural human review laying the foundation becomes the world’s language ability the cafeteria. The robot for modern neural Need.” Transformers most sophisticated A piece of learns new tasks easily, 156 now underpin most large language AI-generated art so can fill open roles as networks foundation models160 wins first place in needed 163 model the digital arts 2025 category at the A consumer electronics firm Colorado State introduces ear buds that use an Fair’s fine arts 166 on-device foundation model to competition translate over 100 languages in near-real time
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision The big picture AI is stirring up the internet.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision When OpenAI revealed ChatGPT—a powerful new driving controversy. Arguments over fairness in art 169 chatbot—in late 2022, people clambered to test it. competitions, the ethics of mimicking artists’ styles, They asked complicated, open-ended questions, legal risks, and the impact on people’s livelihoods requested poems and essays with obscure topics have 昀氀ared. And yet, while relevance to the art and styles, and got impressive and sometimes industry is clear, businesses in other 昀椀elds may still humorous results: in one case, instructions for see it as mere novelty—and they’re making a mistake. removing a peanut butter sandwich from a VCR 170 written in the style of the King James Bible. This generated content is part of one of the biggest step changes in the history of AI: the introduction of Then, not even four months later, OpenAI released pretrained models with remarkable task adaptability, GPT-4, the greatly anticipated next generation of its which will revolutionize how and where enterprises AI software, which is even more creative, and can across industries use AI. respond to both image and text inputs and even 171,172 more nuanced instructions. It began with a landmark innovation in AI model 173 architecture by Google researchers in 2017. Since And before all this, the internet was 昀氀ooded with then, tech companies and researchers have been AI-generated art. Text-to-image generators like supersizing AI, increasing the size of models by Stability AI’s Stable Diffusion, Midjourney, and 10,000 times and the size of training sets too. The OpenAI’s DALL-E 2, stunned people by responding result: powerful, pretrained models, often called to written prompts with photorealistic images. “foundation models,” that offer unprecedented “Two capybaras waltzing in the style of Monet” adaptability within the domains they’re trained on, would get you pretty much that. be it language, images, or the structure of proteins. With this adaptability, foundation models can In fact, this wave of AI-generated content is so complete a wide variety of tasks without needing advanced—and moving so quickly—that it’s task-speci昀椀c training. What’s more, companies
TTechnology Vechnology Vision 2ision 2023 023 | When A | When Attoms meet Bitsoms meet Bits #TechVision building fbuilding foundation models aroundation models are giving thire giving third pard partietiess to-read summaries—a task that CarMax said would acceaccess thrss through APIs or bough APIs or by open soury open sourcing them,cing them, have taken its editorial team 11 years to complete. putputting theting these advse advanced models in ananced models in anyyoneone’’s hands.s hands. Other organizations are also experimenting with This is no eThis is no evvereryydaday ty technology advechnology advancement.ancement. foundation models, adapting them for tasks ranging While fWhile foundation models aroundation models are not the only are not the only areea ofa of from powering customer service bots, to generative AI rAI reeseseararch that’ch that’s grs groowing, the magnitude of theirwing, the magnitude of their product design, to automated coding. And the potpotential impact and the speed at which theential impact and the speed at which they can bey can be models are advancing fast, with companies across deplodeployyed is driving them ted is driving them to the to the top of companieop of companiess’’ industries quickly discovering new ways to use them. innoinnovvation agendas. Wation agendas. With them, busineith them, businessesses can sts can starartt As foundation models broaden and extend what we tto appro approach manoach many ty taskasks and challenges and challenges diffs differerentlyently,, can do with AI, they are letting companies transform shifshifting fting focus frocus from building their oom building their own AI twn AI to leo learningarning human-AI interaction and build an entirely new tto build o build withwith AI. generation of AI applications and services. One companOne company ty taking advaking advantantage of this is Cage of this is CarMax.arMax. It is imperative for every business to pay attention to CCarMax is using GParMax is using GPTT--33, a lar, a large language model andge language model and foundation models. To be part of this new generation prpredeceedecessor tssor to GPo GPTT--44, t, to impro improovve the care the car-buying-buying of AI applications and leverage these models to drive 174 eexperiencexperience.. Knowing that there’s a massive amount novel business solutions and offerings, companies of infof information potormation potential car buyential car buyerers mas may wy want tant too need to understand their strengths and capabilities rreead thrad through befough beforore making a pure making a purchase decision,chase decision, and track how they are advancing—starting today. CarMax used Microsoft’s Azure OpenAI Service to The bedrock of AI is shifting. Will you lose your access a pretrained GPT-3 model to quickly read and footing—or end up on higher ground? synthesize over 100,000 customer reviews for every vehicle make, model, and year that they sell. From these reviews, the model generated 5,000 easy-
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision The technology To understand what’s happening in this new era of AI and set yourself up to build a new generation of AI applications, we ‹rst need to explore what makes foundation models di†erent.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #T#TechVechVisionision A new category of AI OpenAI’s GPT-3, which was released in 2020, was the In practice today, these models typically leverage 昀椀rst foundation model to capture widespread public transformer machine learning models and have attention—for good reason. It was the largest language a massive number of parameters—ranging from In an e†ort to de‹ne model in the world then and drove a breakthrough in hundreds of millions to trillions. What makes them so this new class of AI, the 昀椀eld. It demonstrated capabilities no one had seen game changing, is that they’re broadly trained across a before, teaching itself to perform tasks it had never data modality (or multiple modalities like language and researchers from the been trained on, and outperforming models that were image), rather than on a speci昀椀c task, and can learn Stanford Institute trained on those tasks. In the years since, many more to complete new tasks within these data types with for Human-Centered supersized models have appeared. Companies like minimal or no extra training. In other words, they have Arti‹cial Intelligence Google, Microsoft, Meta, and Baidu have created their generalist capabilities within their domains. 175, 176, 177, 178 own large language models. And some have coined the term started building large multimodal models—like the DeepMind’s Gato is one of the most exciting examples “foundation model” aforementioned GPT-4 and text-to-image generators— to date. The company calls Gato a “generalist agent” in August 2021. which are trained on multiple types of data (like text, because it is multimodal and can complete over 181,182 image, video, or sound) and to identify the relationships 600 different tasks. Using a single AI model with 179 between them. 昀椀xed weights, it can chat, caption images, play Atari video games, stack blocks with a robotic arm, and In an effort to de昀椀ne this new class of AI, researchers more. Additionally, it can learn these various tasks from the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered simultaneously and switch between them without Arti昀椀cial Intelligence coined the term “foundation having to forget previous skills. For context, AlphaZero— 180 model” in August 2021. They generally de昀椀ned an older DeepMind model known for playing chess, Go, them as large AI models trained on a vast quantity of and shogi—had to unlearn how to play chess in order to data with signi昀椀cant downstream task adaptability. play Go.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Foundation model workings 185 There are two key innovations making this new ways. Generally speaking, more parameters lets wave of AI possible. The 昀椀rst is transformer models, a model soak up more information from its training 183 introduced by Google researchers in 2017. One of data and make more accurate predictions later. But One of the newest the newest classes of AI models, transformers are what OpenAI demonstrated with GPT-3 is that vastly classes of AI models, neural networks that identify and track relationships increasing the number of parameters in a transformer in sequential data (like the words in a sentence), model, and the computational power put into training transformers are neural to learn how they depend on and in昀氀uence each it, leads not just to higher accuracy but also the ability networks that identi¡ other. They are typically trained via self-supervised to learn tasks the model was never trained on. and track relationships learning, which for a large language model could in sequential data mean pouring through billions of blocks of text, This novel learning ability—also known as few-shot hiding words from itself, guessing what they are and zero-shot learning—means that foundation (like the words in a based on surrounding context, and repeating until it models can successfully complete new tasks given sentence), to learn how 184 can predict those words with high accuracy. This only a few or no task-speci昀椀c training examples. they depend on and technique works well for other types of sequential DeepMind’s Flamingo—an 80B parameter multimodal data too: some multimodal text-to-image generators 186 in–uence each other. visual-language model—is especially good at this. work by predicting clusters of pixels based on their In a 2022 paper, DeepMind researchers demonstrated surroundings. how Flamingo can conduct few-shot learning on a wide range of vision and language tasks, only being prompted by a few input/output examples and The second innovation is scale—signi昀椀cantly increasing the size of models, and subsequently, the without the researchers needing to change or adapt amount of compute used to train them. The size of the model’s weights. In six of 16 tasks they tested, a model is measured in parameters, which are the Flamingo surpassed state-of-the-art models that values or weights in a neural network that are trained had been trained on much more task-speci昀椀c data, to respond to various inputs or tasks in certain despite not having any re-training itself.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #T#TechVechVisionision Future advances in foundation models While foundation models have already pushed This can mean building standalone foundation technological boundaries, it’s important to recognize models for new kinds of data. Meta, for instance, that the 昀椀eld is changing quickly. Stanford’s 2022 developed a protein-folding model—a large Arti昀椀cial Intelligence Index Report found a signi昀椀cant language model that learned the “language uptick in the annual number of global AI publications of protein”—that accelerated protein structure 187 190 since 2017. According to CB Insights, 2022 saw predictions by up to 60x. And a research team 97% record investments in generative AI startups, with from the University of Texas at Austin, the Indian 188 $2.6 billion in funding across 110 deals. And in Institute of Technology Madras, and Google of global executives early 2023, Microsoft announced the next phase of Research, proposed Generalizable NeRF Transformer agree AI foundation its partnership with OpenAI through a multibillion (GNT), a transformer-based architecture for NeRF models will enable 189 191, 192 dollar investment. To truly understand the impact reconstruction. A NeRF (Neural Radiance Field) is connections across data foundation models will have on their industries and a neural network that can generate 3D scenes based businesses, companies need to carefully track new on only partial 2D views—and experimenting with pes, revolutionizing developments. transformers to generate 3D data like this could have where and how big metaverse implications. AI is used. One of the most signi昀椀cant ways foundation models are evolving has to do with the data types they’re Other organizations are working to incorporate more trained on—which right now are limited. Most of data types into a single model. Take Microsoft’s today’s foundation models are large language Florence, a foundation model built for general- 193 models trained on natural language, and even purpose computer vision tasks. While it was trained multimodal models are typically language-and- on a large data set of image-text pairs and has only image only. But some are working to expand to more a two-tower architecture, combining one language data modalities. encoder and one image encoder, its creators
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision 198 also uses Ray to train large language models. Another signi昀椀cant area to track is efforts to make building and deploying foundation models easier. And IBM is using it to implement zero-copy model To truly understand Rapidly growing compute requirements, and the loading, where they store model weights in shared associated costs and expertise needed to handle memory, and use Ray to instantly load and redirect the impact foundation this scale, are the biggest barriers today. The amount cluster resources to whatever model an application 199 models will have on of compute needed to train the largest AI models requires in the moment. This frees users from their industries and has grown exponentially—now doubling anywhere needing to tune the number of model variations businesses, companies from every 10 months to every 3.4 months, they keep loaded in memory, and is expected to lead 194, 195 according to various reports. And even after a to much simpler foundation model adaptation and need to carefully track model is trained, it’s expensive to run and host all deployment. new developments. of its downstream variations as it gets 昀椀ne-tuned to handle different tasks. In today’s cloud computing The novel capabilities of foundation models—and setups, it’s slow to load foundation models each these ongoing advances in the technology—have time they’re needed but expensive to keep many led some in the community to see them as a step models online. toward arti昀椀cial general intelligence (AGI), an AI system capable of learning any intellectual task Anyscale—a unicorn that recently raised $199 million that a human can learn. Only time will tell if the 196 —is working to lower these barriers. Anyscale was technologies and methods behind foundation founded by a group of UC Berkeley researchers models are enough to achieve some form of truly extended its learning ability to video tasks with a who developed Ray, an open-source framework that general intelligence in the future. Nevertheless, proposed video adapter built off the image encoder. improves access to foundation models by making the level of generalization foundation models have Extending to this additional data type is a key step it easier to scale and distribute machine learning already achieved within certain data types is hugely toward a computer vision foundation model that can workloads. It’s currently used to train the largest signi昀椀cant and more than enough to revolutionize generalize across real-world vision tasks—and could 197 AI models coming out of OpenAI, like ChatGPT. how and where enterprises use AI. drive applications in security, healthcare, and more. Cohere, a startup building an NLP developer toolkit,
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision The implications e question now for businesses shouldn’t be whether these models will impact their industry, but how. Foundation models are widely adaptable and could technically be used for a wide varie of tasks—so the decisions companies make around where and how to deploy them, what problems to a¤empt to solve with them, and what problems to address with di†erent technologies, are where competitive di†erentiation will be found.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Characterizing the bene昀椀ts of foundation models Using foundation models for the right purposes engage with them. Frame, for instance, is using a starts with understanding what they truly change. large language model capable of generating code This goes beyond technical capabilities—it’s to help teachers design 3D metaverse classrooms about what these models let businesses do that simply by describing what they want in the room out 202 they couldn’t do before. There are two major loud. And they’re not the only ones thinking along these lines. Jensen Huang, CEO of Nvidia, has also bene昀椀ts here. said he expects large language models to be a core First, they have the potential to deeply transform technology for generating 3D images and shapes to human-AI interaction. Look at how some are calling populate the metaverse.203 ChatGPT the future of search and knowledge 200 Another way foundation models are changing retrieval. It can write poems and essays, debug code, and answer complicated questions because human-AI interaction is by transforming how work is it’s trained on billions of examples of text pulled done. Google used a foundation model to develop a 201 from the internet. And it remembers previous code completion tool, which over 10,000 engineers 204 conversations, so it can revise or elaborate on tested for a three-month period. The results responses, making human-machine communication showed that coding iteration time was reduced more sophisticated and natural. by 6%. The potential of these models to transform work昀氀ows and improve productivity, even in highly This is important. Because many foundation models complex tasks, is undeniable. And soon, companies are (or contain) a large language model, they use may start to use them in much more varied ways, natural language as their interface. It’s a big part augmenting tasks all across product development, of why foundation models are giving rise to a new business processes, and more. generation of AI applications: people can easily
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #T#TechVechVisionision The second major bene昀椀t is that foundation models are opening the door to new AI applications and services that were dif昀椀cult or impossible to build before. For instance, lack of training data is a major issue for most Sidebar: Synthetic data and foundation models organizations looking to expand their use of AI. But with zero- and few-shot learning abilities, pretrained The intersection of data and foundation foundation models may help circumvent this limitation. models presents an interesting irony. These models require huge amounts of data for Foundation models require massive amounts of training, but once trained, can generate data upfront, which is handled by their creators. But limitless quantities of synthetic data. once a model is trained, organizations can adapt On the 昀氀ip side, as companies develop new it to a range of downstream tasks, building new This could be useful for many organizations foundation models, they may also run out constrained by the lack of real-world capabilities with just a few examples or 昀椀ne-tuning a of training data. Most language and image model with just a small training set. Rather than every labeled data, the need for data from models rely on huge amounts of web data, new AI application requiring months of effort and edge cases, or the need to preserve data and organizations’ ability to increase model investment, organizations will be able to create and privacy. Synthetic data is primed to play size depends on 昀椀nding new data sources. deploy them much more simply. IBM, for instance, has an important role in training and validating Additionally, developing foundation models been transitioning some of its Watson portfolio to use autonomous vehicles, systems that work for new modalities may require huge 205 They found that with pretrained foundation models. with health records or 昀椀nancial data, and amounts of hard-to-obtain data. Synthetic language models, Watson NLP could train sentiment much more. data, perhaps even from early foundation analysis on a new language with only a few thousand models, could be a powerful tool for sentences, a training set a hundred times smaller than building these new models. what previous models required. Over about a year, the company was able to expand Watson NLP from 12 languages to 25.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #T#TechVechVisionision Multimodal foundation models’ ability to recognize developed FLAVA, a multimodal foundation model multiple data types and identify the relationships that works across dozens of tasks; and it built between them is also pushing the envelope of what Omnivore, a model that can operate across images, AI is capable of, enabling powerful new systems. video, and 3D data, doing things like detecting GPT-4, for example, is multimodal and accepts both content in both videos and images.207, 208 ough multimodal image and text inputs, meaning that if someone were to show it a picture of the inside of their Though multimodal foundation models are still foundation models are refrigerator, it could correctly identify the items relatively few, and most of them are text-to-image still relatively few, and inside, suggest meals that can be made with those generators, it’s exciting to imagine the possibilities most of them are text- ingredients, and then provide step-by-step cooking we’ll have in the future. What will we be able to do to-image generators, instructions.206 when multimodal models connect text, sound, image, video, 3D spatial data, sensor data from it’s exciting to imagine And Meta has long seen the value of an AI system industrial equipment, environmental data, or many the possibilities we’ll that can interpret content on its platform—especially other types of data? Early opportunities may start have in the future. when it comes to detecting hate speech. But this is with generating marketing images and ad copy but a task that’s historically been dif昀椀cult for machines could grow into sophisticated autogenerated code because people tend to communicate in multimodal and new ways to search and access information. ways on these platforms (using text and image Analysts might use language to ask an AI system together to tell a joke, for instance). So Meta has to describe patterns across thousands of satellite launched a series of foundation and multimodal images. A piece of industrial equipment might AI projects to help them analyze different types of use an AI system to translate data from dozens of communication—like text, image, and video—in sensors into a repair procedure for a mechanic. Or conjunction. The company created the Hateful multimodal AI might help drastically improve the Memes dataset to address the shortage of publicly path planning and performance of robotic arms. available training data for classifying memes; it
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision From building AI to building with AI Once companies grasp the bene昀椀ts of foundation Going back to GPT-3—this foundation model is models, the question shifts from where they drive the most established as a platform today. OpenAI value to how to deploy them—and one of biggest transitioned from a non-pro昀椀t to capped-pro昀椀t reasons foundation models are so exciting is that company in 2019 and released the OpenAI API as 209, 210 most companies won’t need to build their own. It grants its 昀椀rst commercial product in 2020. customers access to GPT-3 and makes customizing A single foundation model’s ability to complete or adapting the model for a new task as simple as many downstream tasks is creating a paradigm showing it some new examples or prompts. Nine shift in the business of AI. Large tech companies months after launching, the company reported 211 and research organizations that have built pretrained over 300 applications using the API. By 2022, that foundation models are starting to position them number was in the thousands, with GPT-3 powering as platforms to underpin new AI applications. features like copywriting, website building, chatbots, They are making foundation models available via and more.212, 213 open-source channels or via paid access through APIs —meaning that downstream organizations Additionally, the startup Hugging Face is growing in don’t need to build their own foundation models popularity as a hub for foundation, transformer, and but can focus on building on top of existing other machine-learning models. The community ones. Just as the emergence of cloud platforms platform offers many pretrained models, allowing transformed conversations from “How do I build developers to work with new AI models without my own cloud data center?” to “What can I build needing to collect data or train them themselves. with the public cloud?” foundation models are The platform is popular with indie developers, but shifting conversations from “How do I build my major companies—including Intel, eBay, P昀椀zer, and 214 own AI?” to “What can I build with AI?” Bloomberg—are starting to use it as well. Hugging
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #T#TechVechVisionision Face closed a $100 million funding round at a The changes foundation models have brought $2 billion valuation in May 2022 to help it become to the AI landscape—and their expected impact the premier location for building with pretrained on businesses—shouldn’t be understated. With is is a fast-moving AI models. platforms making it increasingly simple to adapt pre-trained models for various AI needs, companies ‹eld, so it’s time to A “middle layer” is also starting to appear alongside may deploy AI solutions far more readily than start imagining how foundation model platforms, offering services before. And with foundation models expanding these models may like 昀椀ne-tuning the models for more custom use. into new data modalities, companies can build truly transform—or disrupt Though foundation models are pretrained and highly novel applications that wouldn’t have been possible adaptable, some downstream tasks may require before. This is a fast-moving 昀椀eld, so it’s time to start —your business. more speci昀椀c training, and 昀椀ne-tuning means imagining how these models may transform—or training it on new, task-speci昀椀c data to change its disrupt—your business. output. Microsoft, for instance, is packaging and selling GPT-3 capabilities to customers, integrating it into its low-code app development platform Power Apps, and offering customers access to the model along with the enterprise-grade security, compliance, reliability, and data privacy assurance of Azure.215
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Constructing a new AI strategy Every year AI plays a bigger role in companies’ be the better choice. Beyond that, some applications innovation agendas, operations, customer require special characteristics that other approaches interactions, and more. But now, organizations’ are better suited to. On-device AI may require carefully constructed strategies need to be extreme low power operation or the ability to run rethought with foundation models in mind. an AI model fully of昀氀ine so data can stay with the This means discovering the most appropriate device rather than being sent to the cloud. 98% applications for foundation models in your organization, planning to access the broader What’s more, foundation models have some of global executives foundation model ecosystem, and building the characteristics that—for now—make them agree AI foundation talent pipeline that will be needed to create, questionable for certain situations. This is adding maintain, or integrate these models. an entirely new dimension to enterprises’ security models will play an efforts. For instance, bias in foundation models is a important role in First to identify the right role for foundation models common concern due to homogenization as well as their organizations’ in your organization, it’s necessary to understand the fact that many are trained on large datasets from strategies in the their best use cases. There are many AI applications the internet. Historic datasets that excluded certain that work with data types no foundation model populations, people, and demographics can lead to next 3 to 5 years. can handle yet. Additionally, some use cases that undesirable outcomes. And some companies’ early a foundation model could feasibly attempt are still efforts even found misinformation was affecting the fundamentally better served by narrow AI, which is outputs of these algorithms. When the same few trained speci昀椀cally for a task rather than across a models are used as the basis for many downstream 216 modality. Clearly de昀椀ned problems like predictive applications, then any issues in the original models maintenance and medical image analysis, for may propagate throughout the rest. There have been instance, are areas where narrow intelligence may efforts from the makers of foundation models to
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision correct for some of these biases. GPT-3, for instance, while in more advanced cases, developers might was given an extra round of training on a more leverage 昀椀ne-tuning to hone the foundation model curated dataset after religious bias was discovered.217 to a speci昀椀c application. This approach creates the But even so, businesses should carefully consider opportunity for wide experimentation throughout the risks like this when determining not only if they can organization, as well as the chance to develop B2B use a foundation model, but whether they should. foundation model offerings. As businesses narrow down where to use foundation But again, not everyone will want to do this. Even with models, they next need to decide how they will natural language offering an easy-to-use interface, access these models and where they will sit in some software engineering knowledge is needed to the foundation model ecosystem. The base layer successfully build applications around foundation of this ecosystem consists of organizations with models. Companies without those skillsets can still the expertise, access to data, and computing bene昀椀t from the technology though, and they make infrastructure to train new foundation models—but up the third layer of the ecosystem. In the wake of not everyone needs to function on this level. For OpenAI and others turning their models into platforms, many, decisions will be around how directly they a wave of companies have started offering new B2B work with pre-trained models. products and services. Whether they use foundation models to power B2B tools, enhance their own For instance, another layer of the ecosystem will be services, or build custom applications for clients, these companies that access foundation models via APIs companies are making it easier than ever for anyone to or model repositories and build on them to create capitalize on foundation model capabilities. their own applications and services. For simple applications, developers will be able to leverage the Finally, a third way businesses can start reworking transfer learning of foundation models by simply their AI strategies has to do with talent. As foundation building the UI and interconnects around the model, models emerge and offer a powerful baseline for
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #T#TechVechVisionision building AI applications, AI operations will shift from or creating teams dedicated to integrating these building models to building on top of models. Talent models into different parts of the business, bringing with the skills to take foundation models, adapt your wider organization into this new era of AI Whether it means them to business needs, and integrate them into is critical. training every employee applications will become increasingly important. on foundation model Just as the adoption of the cloud shifted business Foundation models are in their infancy, but over needs from talent with data center expertise to the next decade their impact will grow to be capabilities, or creating cloud architects, foundation AI is likely to reshape overwhelming. They could drive new data practices, teams dedicated to the nature of AI operations too. transforming the nature of knowledge sharing in integrating these the organization. They could be game-changing for models into di†erent Your talent strategy adjustments shouldn’t stop digital strategies, writing sophisticated code and there, however. Some of the biggest challenges powering novel offerings. They could transform parts of the business, with foundation models will be discovering the new strategy and business planning, forecasting bringing your wider possibilities they can bring to your organization and headcount needs or shifts in customer demand with organization into this then monitoring their output and behavior. And greater ease and accuracy than we can imagine. new era of AI is critical. with these models evolving quickly, it’s an ongoing And for those that build their own foundation challenge. This will need to be a cross-organization models, they could bring industry-shifting effort—and who better to discover how a process advantages—new tools for scienti昀椀c discovery, new can be improved or how an experience can be methods for engineering, or new industry-speci昀椀c elevated, and then supervise how a foundation AI agents. What if your business builds the model model is used to solve those challenges, than the that changes everything? people working on them? Whether it means training every employee on foundation model capabilities,
TTTechnology Vechnology Vechnology Vision 2ision 2ision 2023 023 023 | When A | When A | When Atttoms meet Bitsoms meet Bitsoms meet Bits #T#T#TechVechVechVisionisionision The bottom line The arrival of foundation models is one of the biggest step changes in AI history—and no enterprise can ignore them. These supersized models, with unprecedented adaptability to new Already, companies can use models tasks, are forcing enterprises to rethink their AI available today to experiment and build novel strategies—from how they access AI to what applications more easily than ever—and as the applications are even possible. technology advances, the opportunities will only keep growing. * To learn more about the impact of generative AI on business, read Accenture’s latest report, A new era of generative AI for everyone.
TTechnology Vechnology Vision 2ision 2023 023 | When A | When Attoms meet Bitsoms meet Bits #T#TechVechVisionision n e B A day in our new reali: Ben Wearing his AR glasses, Ben examines a 3D diagram, rotating the image to see every side. He’s a food scientist at Meat4All—a startup aiming to produce affordable synthetic protein. Right now, he’s trying to design a new scaffold for their meat cultures, one that he hopes will improve the texture of their newest substitute meat product. He’s working with the company’s AI system, which generates several novel protein structures, all of which could be used as scaffolding material, and have the potential to R a l g s s A e s improve texture without overly compromising the 昀氀avor of the meat. After examining them, Ben selects the three best options. Then, he asks the AI system which of the three would have the lowest carbon impact. It’s a broad question with a lot of contributing factors, from where materials are sourced to differences in the synthesis process. The AI system comes back with a carbon impact analysis for each one, and the differences are slight. But Ben knows that once Meat4All is producing these scaffolds at scale, slight differences can mean a lot. g a i D d r m 3 a o n e f h t y t i p c r s o t e i n
33 0202 22 ision ision echnology Vechnology V TT Our forever frontier The big bang of computing and science 81
#TechVision Timeline Our forever frontier #TechVision 2033 2022 2027 1 billion people have at least 10% of their The average price to Using quantum genome sequenced and 2020 sequence a human computing, scientists now benefit from 1907 Computational genome reaches $600, create a new method improvements in By combining immunology and down from $10,000 in to speed up green personalized medicine formaldehyde and mRNA technology 2012, thanks in part to hydrogen production. phenol, Belgian 1946 advances in molecular Global hydrogen use 2031 2013 lead to the chemistry232 grows 3x chemist Leo Physicists at Bell COVID-19 vaccines A large agriculture Baekeland creates Labs achieve a 1994 NASA, Google, - the fastest 2025 company uses generative the first entirely semiconductor and the Universities vaccines ever AI to design a new synthetic plastic218 breakthrough, Peter Shor Space Research developed229 A new quantum bacteria that captures leading to the develops an Association purchase computing algorithm CO and converts it into invention of the algorithm that 2008 a D-Wave Two to propels a 2 transistor and could break breakthrough in compounds for fertilizer transistorized traditional Boeing, Virgin study the solid-state battery computers220, 221 encryption, Atlantic and GE intersection production if a powerful Aviation conduct of quantum 227 enough quantum the first commercial computing and AI computer existed223 flight with a mixture of traditional and bio-derived 225 aviation fuel 1942 2022 2033 The Manhattan Project begins and Hosted at Oak Ridge The first private draws attention to 2003 National Laboratory, 2032 space station is the impact of 2019 the Frontier 2026 completed and will science on Bringing together supercomputer Q-Day arrives, host both NASA and 219 expert computer 2010 private scientific technology To create better becomes the first In a national and systems scientists, engineers DARPA launches the automotive tires, exascale computer, sustainability push, protected with research 1973 and biologists, the Living Foundries Goodyear according to the 2022 India unveils a RSA encryption Human Genome 230 synthetically derived The first U.S. space Project successfully program which aims experiments on Top500 list DeepMind releases are no longer station, Skylab, sequences 92% of to harness biological silica particle over 200 million microbe which secure systems to produce formation aboard protein structure increases efficacy launches. It will be 224 the human genome complex molecules the International predictions derived of plastic the site of nearly for defense-relevant Space Station228 from the deep breakdown 300 technical 226 2030 and scientific applications learning algorithm 222 231 experiments AlphaFold More than 50% of new cars sold are electric, 20% have solid-state batteries
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision The big picture World War II taught us an important lesson about the relationship between science and technology—one that guided innovation e†orts for decades a•er.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision During the war, science was having clear and But the “science drives technology” ethos wasn’t the signi昀椀cant impact on military success, through the whole story. High investment in and focus on science creation of new tools and weapons like radar and the during and after World War II certainly accelerated 233 atomic bomb. And near the end of it, a landmark technological development—but technology also report to the U.S. president, called “Science, the began to rapidly accelerate science. Rocket technology Endless Frontier,” made the case that supporting developed for military applications quickly became the scienti昀椀c research would drive technologies critical 昀椀rst human-made objects to reach outer space and would 236 to the national economy—and it led to signi昀椀cant send humanity to the moon less than two decades later. government and corporate investments in science. Combat radar was adapted to focus on weather patterns, sparking the 昀椀eld of meteorology. And the hunt for cheap The period of innovation that followed all but proved alternatives to rubber led to the development of new this theory. Look at Bell Labs and the invention of materials.237 the transistor. The 昀椀rst patent for a proposed 昀椀eld- The relationship between science and technology is a effect transistor was 昀椀led in 1925, but a scienti昀椀c breakthrough was needed to make a transistor that bi-directional feedback loop that can be exercised to 234 actually worked. In 1946, Bell Labs physicists made powerful effect, pushing the bounds of the possible. that breakthrough, advancing critical understanding But recently, with the growth of computing, (digital) of electron mobility in semiconductors. They built the technology took center stage, capturing the fascination 昀椀rst working transistor in 1947, and seven years after of enterprises everywhere. While technology certainly still that, the 昀椀rst transistor computer was made—forever accelerated scienti昀椀c discovery, enterprises were largely changing technology and the world.235 content to leave that in the hands of researchers and speci昀椀c industries. We forgot the lessons from Bell Labs, the space race, and others.
Technology Vision 2023 | When A | When Attoms meet Bitsoms meet Bits #TechVision Now that’s starting to change. More enterprises are due to advances in computational immunology widening their innovation efforts to focus on the used to develop vaccine candidates—and virtual entirety of the feedback loop and are seeing just communication and collaboration technologies how powerfully disruptive the intersection of science proved critical as well.240, 241 and technology can be. What this achievement demonstrated is that The COVID-19 pandemic created global pressure certain technologies could accelerate the science- and urgency to innovate to a degree that we hadn’t technology feedback loop faster than anyone knew. seen in decades, and leaders responded with high The digital technologies that had been amplifying investment in emerging technologies to help them business capabilities for years were focused on a drive science and deliver new solutions at breakneck new domain: science-led innovation. It radically speed. It was a period of massive innovation reshaped our approach to scienti昀椀c innovation, from compression, the impact of which will continue to how quickly we can achieve results to its potential be felt for a decade or more. impact on enterprises and our lives—a big bang of computing and science. Now, with the world largely Consider the development of COVID-19 vaccines. In emerging from the crisis, we’re putting those lessons late December 2019, the 昀椀rst COVID-19 cases were to work. reported by Chinese health of昀椀cials. By January 10, scientists had published the genomic sequence Every organization needs to start rethinking their of SARS-CoV-2, and by mid-March, vaccine trials innovation strategies with an eye to how technology 238, 239 had begun. By the end of 2020, multiple is driving science, and how science will in turn mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 demonstrating over drive technology in coming years. The speed of the 90% ef昀椀cacy had been created. These vaccines science-technology feedback loop is one of the were developed at unprecedented speed (often, biggest variables setting the pace of innovation, and this process could take over a decade), largely investments in the technologies to accelerate it are
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision only increasing, bringing new innovation possibilities Knight realized the ways in which, conversely, biology —and new opportunity—to everyone. could bene昀椀t from engineering principles, like using modularization and abstraction to build biological 243 It’s a wide-ranging imperative, but already there are systems. And indeed this approach has expedited Advances in a few key domains where the science-technology the growth of synthetic biology—a 昀椀eld now poised rocket and satellite feedback loop is having great impact and where to disrupt materials and manufacturing as we know businesses can start to focus their innovation efforts. them today. technologies are also rede‹ning the space One such area is synthetic biology, and its origin is Besides the emergent 昀椀eld of synthetic biology, other economy, enabling a prime example of just how powerful the science- notable domains are also seeing major advances more science from the science-technology feedback loop. For technology feedback loop can be. Tom Knight is considered the godfather of synthetic biology, but instance, next-generation computing methods, experiments in space 242 he began as a computer scientist. While designing enabled by the combination of increased computing labs, as well as the one of the 昀椀rst silicon retinas for his PhD, he began power and new capabilities inspired by science, are study of deep space investigating Moore’s Law, or the observation that starting to unlock new scienti昀椀c possibilities in areas and Earth itself. the number of transistors on an integrated circuit like computational chemistry for new materials and doubles every two years, making compute power energy solutions. Advances in rocket and satellite grow exponentially. He saw that eventually Moore’s technologies are also rede昀椀ning the space economy, Law would come to an end—because transistors enabling more science experiments in space labs, as would be so small that placing a dozen or so well as the study of deep space and Earth itself. atoms correctly would be impossible in the silicon manufacturing process. This was what led Knight to biochemistry, because he recognized that if proteins naturally and accurately self-assemble, perhaps the right bio-molecules could too. At the same time,
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision The power of technology is extending beyond IT Reorienting for a new period of science and (information tech) and OT (operational tech) to a technology acceleration will not be easy. It will new ST (science tech) domain. Everyone will be require deep understanding of how technology is impacted by science tech, whether or not they work accelerating the sciences, and how these changes in the physical sciences or build the technologies to will impact your business. And it will require fast accelerate those 昀椀elds. New technological advances action too—innovation compression has already in computing, rockets and satellites, and biotech been a challenge for the past few years, and the will drive scienti昀椀c advancements in materials and pace of innovation is only getting faster. Are you energy, Earth and space, and synthetic biology— ready for it? which in turn will transform the technologies that enterprises can build, as part of a virtuous cycle. Everything from where companies can deliver solutions, to what their products and packaging and other physical assets are made of, could change. And beyond that, the societal need for a faster Everyone will be science-technology feedback loop has never been impacted by science more crucial. The world faces unprecedented tech, whether or not challenges in medicine, the supply chain, and they work in the climate change, and we need better and faster solutions from science and technology. physical sciences or build the technologies to accelerate those ‹elds.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision The technology Many of today’s emerging technologies have the potential to accelerate the science- technology feedback loop—so it’s critical for companies to start identi¡ing which ones could have the bi…est potential impacts on scienti‹c advancement, and in turn, which scienti‹c advancements could have the bi…est impacts on future technologies.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision e importance of this Materials and energy knowledge shouldn’t Major technological advances in computing are Chemists will be able to run faster simulations over be understated. Taking launching a new era of computational chemistry, larger molecular systems and over longer lengths of a major driver behind material and energy time, providing needed insights into chemical theory 244 strategic advantage of these innovation. With access to greater compute to reduce the gaps between virtual simulations power and new computing paradigms, chemists developments will be what and real-world experimental 昀椀ndings. While the will be able to do more complex and more accurate right code would still be needed to take advantage lets enterprises transform molecular simulations than ever before, deepening of this computing power, some programs like scienti昀椀c understanding and pushing the bounds NWChemEx are already being developed—in this their businesses in coming of novel material development, energy solutions to case to run complex molecular simulations to better years, and ultimately the address climate change, and more. use catalytic materials to more sustainably produce biofuels.247 futures of their industries. Consider this: performing more than one quintillion The impact that powerful supercomputers are operations per second, a supercomputer in China starting to have on the sciences is undeniable—but appears to have been the 昀椀rst to break the exascale it’s not limitless. There’s the end of Moore’s Law to 245 While there are many areas where science- barrier in 2021. And in May 2022, a supercomputer keep in mind, meaning that the growth of compute technology feedback loops can drive innovation, from the U.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory power is slowing—and to the extent that it grows, we will discuss three early domains where the cycle became the 昀椀rst to of昀椀cially demonstrate exascale costs may become prohibitively high. As such, is signi昀椀cantly accelerating and we are seeing its performance, according to researchers for the methods to overcome these computing limits are impact already: materials and energy, Earth and Top500, a ranking of the world’s most powerful also growing, including moving to entirely new 246 space, and biology. high-performance computers. With plans for computing paradigms like quantum computing. more exascale machines around the world, this scale of compute power will transform science, and computational chemistry in particular.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Quantum computers have a “natural” advantage Building supercomputers and quantum computers (over classical computers) in simulating quantum is not cheap, but experimenting with them is mechanics, which governs the behavior of signi昀椀cantly cheaper than before, thanks to cloud molecules, atoms, and electrons. As such, it is platforms. Fire昀氀y Aerospace, for instance, is a startup 95% contributing to the 昀椀eld of chemistry, in perhaps the that relies on cloud supercomputing to do advanced nearest-term application of quantum computers.248 simulations to save massive amounts of money on of global executives Though computational speedups may come prototyping, enabling them to build a rocket to go 250 believe next- with quantum computers, what they provide in to the moon. And while quantum computing still this case is an advantageous level of accuracy in needs time to mature, it’s clear that these computers generation modeling distinct parts of a chemical reaction— have a major role to play helping companies computing will be and this enhanced understanding has many effectively drive science technology feedback loops a major driver of potential applications. and accelerate materials and energy innovation. breakthroughs in For instance, Hyundai is partnering with the their industry over quantum computing startup IonQ to analyze and the next decade. simulate battery materials—in this case lithium 249 oxide, contained in lithium-air batteries. Using hybrid algorithms that leverage computing by both classical and quantum computers, they can improve the chemical makeup for greater ef昀椀ciency and eliminate possible sources of waste.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Earth and space 254 Moving over to Earth and space innovation—since cheaper—and getting cheaper still. Relatedly, the the International Space Station (ISS) began to house cost of satellites has also decreased drastically. Now, its 昀椀rst astronauts, nearly 3,000 science experiments rather than cost hundreds of thousands of dollars to have been conducted in space, taking advantage get into orbit, it can take only a couple thousand— of its unique conditions like microgravity to better also thanks to their smaller size.255, 256 understand how things work, or of its vantage point to look down at Earth or out into the depths All these lowered costs are fueling the space 251 257 of space. Now, advances in rocket and satellite industry. In 2021, space infrastructure companies technologies are making space more accessible saw record high private investments at $14.5 billion and useful for scientists—accelerating what we can (up 50% from 2020), and the industry overall is learn about 昀氀uid physics, diseases, materials, climate expected to generate over $1 trillion in annual sales change, and more, to improve life on Earth. by 2040.258, 259 Space programs were historically very expensive, With this level of growth and investment, there limiting access to only a few nations and their will only be cheaper and more frequent 昀氀ights to governments. Recently however, due to cheaper space, leading to more people and more scienti昀椀c 260 components and growth in the private sector, research there as well. Already, the startup Titan 252 costs have fallen precipitously. According to a Space Technologies is sending “both code and 2022 Citi report, between 1970 to 2010, the average crew” on space missions to conduct experiments in launch cost remained relatively steady at $16,000/ their digital space labs, essentially enabling “space- kg for heavy payloads and $30,000/kg for light as-a-service” for companies that want to perform 253 261 payloads. Then in 2010, SpaceX launched Falcon 9 their own experiments in space. This is exciting with a payload cost of $2,500/kg, roughly ten times for those who might want to take advantage of the
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision 266 unique properties of space—including microgravity, predict severe weather events. And new business extreme temperatures, or a vacuum—for research models like “satellite-as-a-service” and “space into advanced materials, pharmaceuticals, and data-as-a-service” are providing even greater Now, advances in much more. This has historically been key to gaining access to space, which could be leveraged by rocket and satellite greater scienti昀椀c knowledge—since the early days of researchers too.267 space experimentation, scientists have been able to technologies are making learn much more about insulin, for instance, because Rocket and satellite technology advances have space more accessible it was crystallized in space (in microgravity, protein driven down the cost barriers to space, fueling and useful for scientists crystals grow larger and more uniformly).262 a burgeoning space economy that is having real —accelerating what and signi昀椀cant impact on the sciences, opening Satellite advances are pushing science forward the doors to space labs for conducting novel we can learn about too. Launched in 2018 aboard a SpaceX Falcon experiments and satellites for 昀椀nding new worlds –uid physics, diseases, 9, NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and understanding more of our own. As history has materials, climate (TESS) is expanding scientists’ knowledge of the shown us before, science discoveries in space lead change, and more, to 263 galaxy. By 2020, TESS had imaged 75% of the to technological progress on Earth—and perhaps sky and, in so doing, found 66 new exoplanets and now in space as well—as part of a productive improve life on Earth. 264 2,100 candidates. Now on an extended mission, science-technology feedback loop. its imaging cadence has been increased to better 昀椀nd Earth-like habitable planets near red dwarf stars—and it has found one of particular interest 265 (TOI 700 d) already. Turning our attention to Earth, satellites like Jason-3 take ocean surface topography measurements for scientists to better understand sea level rise and climate change, as well as to Our forever frontier
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Biology Lastly, this “big bang” of computing and science synthesis cost about $10/base pair and is now about 269, 270 is giving life to an entirely new 昀椀eld: synthetic $0.10/base pair today. biology. Driven forward by technological advances in DNA sequencing and synthesis and technology- These falling costs have had a signi昀椀cant impact on inspired best practices, synthetic biology combines synthetic biology—because both DNA sequencing engineering principles with biology to create new and DNA synthesis are critical to the process. To organisms or enhance existing ones. Its promise illustrate, let’s imagine a company wants to produce lies in what those organisms are then able to do synthetic vanilla. First, they go through their (now or produce, from new foods to pharmaceuticals, much larger) database of DNA sequences to fuels, and more—thereby changing manufacturing determine which might be most likely to generate 271 Next, the most promising are (more processes and products as we know them today. that 昀氀avor. cheaply) synthesized and put into cells, like yeast A recent article published in Scienti昀椀c Report cells. The new organisms start producing chemicals, predicts that synthetic biology may be the next major and whichever is best is increased in production. advancement following microelectronics and the With this manufacturing process determined, internet, and one of the main reasons for this is that the company is set to produce synthetic vanilla the cost of both DNA sequencing and DNA synthesis 昀氀avoring. (the “reading” and “writing” of genetic code) is 268 halving roughly every two years. To get a sense, in Of course, most businesses cannot do this on their 2001, the cost to sequence a human genome was own—but they could work with a company like $100 million, and it is roughly $600 today (and could Ginkgo Bioworks, a one-stop-shop for synthetic be as little as $100 next year); ten years ago, gene biology, to do so. Ginkgo provides the technology
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision platform, including both its codebase and foundries Though a relatively new 昀椀eld, synthetic biology is 272 (labs), for its customers. Its codebase consists being used already. It’s well-known for aiding in Driven forward by of cells, enzymes, and genetic programs, which the development of the COVID-19 vaccine, but technological advances organism engineers can use to start projects. And it’s also used by Bolt Threads to make bio-based the foundries are its factories, which combine leather and Upside Foods to produce synthetic 275, 276, 277 in DNA sequencing automation, analytics, and software to automate meat like duck, beef, and chicken. Synthetic and synthesis and and scale organism engineering. Not surprisingly, biology techniques can also be used to make technology-inspired Ginkgo’s website draws many parallels to software dyes, cosmetics, and spices. Not only are these best practices, engineering, and its platform has been likened to new and innovative products, but they are more cloud platforms like AWS. environmentally friendly and sustainable than synthetic biology their alternatives. combines engineering Another example of synthetic biology being driven principles with by technology-inspired practices comes from the From materials and energy to Earth and space and biology to create new BioBricks Foundation. The organization is attempting bio-innovation, these three domains are just a few to establish an open-source synthetic biology early ways the science technology feedback loop organisms or enhance movement, inspired by the open-source software is already at work. And each of them has huge existing ones. movement, through programs like bionet, which potential impact on the futures of companies and is an open technology commons for scientists to industries. As more companies start to recognize share their materials in the name of collaboration, that and take advantage of technology-driven 273, 274 standardization, and sharing for science. scienti昀椀c advances, the building blocks of innovation In short, synthetic biology as we know it today will start to change, and stragglers will quickly be has clear computer science- and engineering- left behind. inspired origins.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision The implications Now that we’ve covered some of the most signi‹cant science-technology feedback loops today, we need to think about how these advances will impact our world— and what is newly possible in it.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision It’s critical that businesses understand the scope emerge. While our vaccines can be updated, of this new frontier, or they risk failing to set a researchers at Penn State College of Medicine are competitive innovation strategy and pace for the working on a better solution—a vaccine that could ... of all the challenges the next years. While the accelerated feedback loop will protect against all existing and future variants of not be the sole driver of new innovations—purely the virus—and science tech is at the heart of their world faces today, climate 279 technology-driven IT, OT, and digital projects are efforts. Unlike existing vaccines that target the change may be the bi…est. still very important—ST is still too big for anyone to receptor binding domain (RBD), these researchers ignore. The impact will be felt by everyone. are targeting the virus through immunogens— designed using computational biology to identify To double down on exactly how big this impact regions of the spike protein that remain the same could be, consider what it could mean for some despite mutations, and tested for stability using of the world’s biggest problems, like pandemics, computer simulations. Given that pandemic-capable (ICHEC), and IonQ collaborated to create a climate change, and the supply chain. If they’re not diseases are increasing in frequency, the speed of scalable software platform for chemistry simulation already, these will be some of businesses’ biggest vaccine development and the breadth of immunity on quantum computers. It is used to calculate problems in coming years too, meaning they should those vaccines provide will be of critical importance the energy needed to break chemical bonds in throughout the world.280 have a vested interest in science technology and the molecules like PFAS—helping to 昀椀nd mechanisms to vast innovation opportunities that come with it. destroy PFAS, which are human-made carcinogenic Moving on to climate change, of all the challenges “forever chemicals” that pollute the environment.281 In 2020, of course, businesses learned that the world faces today, this may be the biggest. And LanzaTech is using synthetic biology to make pandemics are a serious threat to people and Sustainability is certainly on most businesses’ microbes that take carbon emissions and turn themselves. We’ve discussed how the COVID-19 radars, and all of the areas we’ve discussed, from them into valuable raw materials like fuels and pandemic prompted swift action to develop a materials and energy to space innovations and chemicals.282 vaccine—and computational approaches vastly synthetic biology, have the potential to contribute 278 And consider how synthetic biology facilities can be increased the speed at which this was possible. to sustainability in a signi昀椀cant way. For example, Still though, new COVID-19 variants continue to Accenture, the Irish Centre for High-End Computing strategically placed near fossil fuel plants or other
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision waste heavy sites for fuel—this would make their raw material sources abundant and no longer potentially vulnerable to global supply chain issues. In addition, because these facilities produce unique materials, 83% a product like vanilla no longer has to come almost entirely from Madagascar but can be made of executives believe synthetically anywhere in the world. Finally, relatively science tech capabilities small-scale manufacturing of things like synthetic could help address protein sources is economically viable (no need societal grand challenges for years of animal farming)—meaning that again, demands on global supply chains are reduced, as of health-related issues are transportation emissions.283 and diseases, while 75% Our world faces immense challenges, many of which believe science tech capabilities could also have been dif昀椀cult and painfully slow to address in the past. But this is the ultimate promise of science help address pover / tech—as more companies invest in the technologies inequali . needed to accelerate science, more companies will be able to use those scienti昀椀c developments to create new solutions faster and more effectively than ever before. It won’t happen overnight, but the bene昀椀ts are necessary and worthwhile, and have the potential to be invaluable for the businesses that get involved.
TTechnology Vechnology Vision 2ision 2023 023 | When A | When Attoms meet Bitsoms meet Bits #TechVision Getting started today Still, getting involved in the science technology First, businesses that want to be more active revolution is easier said than done. Many new participants in developing these next-generation technologies are already at work accelerating the technologies, and the sciences they drive, should science-technology feedback loop, and the changes recognize that collaboration is the key. this will bring to our innovation landscape are coming fast. Next-generation computing technologies like quantum computing are not only advanced and Compounding the challenge is that unlike the digital complex but require skills that are hard to 昀椀nd and revolution, companies are starting at wildly different in high demand. Therefore, organizations across levels of maturity. Some enterprises, like those in industries and sectors are pursuing quantum pharmaceuticals or chemicals, have long-standing computing goals together through consortiums. For science-led innovation practices. These companies example, in Japan, the Quantum Innovation Initiative will know the value of maintaining their position on Council (QIIC) aims to accelerate Japan’s quantum the leading edge, explore and invest in emergent leadership and consists of members from academic digital technologies that will accelerate their institutions, government, and businesses like IBM, 284 practices, and jump on the opportunity that science Toyota, and Toshiba. And this sort of collaboration tech poses to build partnerships and bridges into can also be achieved through strategic partnerships. brand new industries. Other companies have never For instance, the quantum algorithm design platform considered themselves involved in the sciences at Classiq has partnered with ColdQuanta for its all. For them, there are three high-level actions to cold atom technology, NVIDIA for its cuQuantum take today to set themselves up for success in this software development kit, and NTT DATA for a next phase of innovation compression. speci昀椀c application of quantum computing to credit risk analysis.285
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision quantum computing yet to be explored, this sort of In the emerging 昀椀eld of synthetic biology, there are many partnerships as well. For instance, experimentation is bene昀椀cial to businesses and the the synthetic biology company Codexis has 昀椀eld as a whole. Next-generation partnerships with pharmaceutical companies like computing And in terms of trying new things in space, Amazon Merck, GSK, and Novartis who use its CodeEvolver® technologies like protein engineering platform to develop enzymes recently partnered with the Italian satellite company to enhance their pharmaceutical manufacturing D-Orbit and the Swedish intelligent automation quantum computing 286 And Ginkgo Bioworks is working with processes. company Unibap to conduct a “昀椀rst-of-its-kind” are not only advanced Motif FoodWorks to develop novel dairy, meat, and experiment in space—running a suite of AWS and complex but 290 plant-based proteins—and bring these new food software on a satellite in low Earth orbit. The AWS products to market faster.287 software was trained to review images and send only require skills that are the most useful to Earth, improving the productivity hard to ‹nd and in The second way businesses can prepare themselves of the satellite in space and reducing the amount of high demand. is to 昀椀nd ways to start experimenting with new time to get insights on the ground. science-driven innovations. Fortunately, this is getting easier with the many advanced technology Finally, businesses also need to be aware of and and science platforms being created. As an example, prepare for the risks in this new frontier. Advances Microsoft is working with NASA’s Jet Propulsion and increased access to synthetic biology could Laboratory (JPL) to develop scheduling solutions lead to dangerous laboratory leaks or biological 291 using quantum-inspired optimization algorithms weapons abuse, for instance. This highlights the 288 on Azure Quantum, available in the cloud. And need for substantial biosecurity strategies. And while Google has created a Quantum Virtual Machine that clearer legal regulations are still needed, companies anyone can use and that is speci昀椀cally intended can take their own steps now to implement policies 289 for research and education. Given there are and governance plans and view biosecurity as an many new and exciting potential applications for investment rather than a burden.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Another serious security issue for every business later” threats. One of these countermeasures is to stems from quantum computing. Shor’s algorithm protect the distribution of keys, and here, quantum Companies are going provides a quantum-theoretical solution to prime computing becomes our security ally. For example, to want to get involved factorization, which can break public-key encryption in early 2022, researchers from JPMorgan Chase, in this compressed that we rely on today. Quantum computers simply Toshiba, and Ciena demonstrated the full viability aren’t advanced enough yet to do so, but they’re of a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network, innovation, and soon. 292 getting there at a breakneck pace. While some supporting 800 Gbps data rates—showing that ere’s no longer believe quantum computers will break encryption under real-world environmental conditions, this time to sit back and in the next 10 to 20 years, the reality is that smaller, network could enable secure communications and wait, the big bang of more targeted attacks will happen soon, and successfully defend against quantum computing- companies will need to have plans to address this based attacks.293 computing and science in the next two years. Already, there are serious is happening now. concerns that hackers are collecting data now to As the positive feedback loop between science decrypt later once quantum computing is ready, also and technology accelerates, understanding both referred to as “store now, decrypt later” schemes. the risks and the opportunities ahead is critical. Companies are going to want to get involved in this compressed innovation, and soon. There’s no longer Currently, NIST has identi昀椀ed some quantum- resistant algorithms, but predictions on their viable time to sit back and wait, the big bang of computing lifecycle vary. What we know is that these algorithms and science is happening now. will not last 20 years and we have to be agile with cryptographic methods, ready to upgrade at any time. In the meantime, companies should prepare to transition to post-quantum cryptography and potentially invest in countermeasures to reduce the immediate threat from “store now, decrypt
TTTechnology Vechnology Vechnology Vision 2ision 2ision 2023 023 023 | When A | When A | When Atttoms meet Bitsoms meet Bitsoms meet Bits #T#T#TechVechVechVisionisionision The bottom line Science tech needs to be on everyone’s radar. Advances in next-generation computing, space Indeed, as challenges like pandemics and technologies, and biotech will drive progress climate change are ever more present, it’s time in materials and energy innovation, science in to invest in and fully unleash the promise of space for Earth, and synthetic biology in an compressed innovation and accelerated science incredibly exciting time for people, businesses, and technology cycles, as they evolve and and the world. revolve over time, driving each other forward into the future.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision3 02 2 About the ision Technology Vision echnology V T For more than 20 years, Accenture has developed the Technology Vision report as a systematic review across the enterprise landscape to identi¡ emerging technology trends that will have the greatest impact on companies, government agencies, and other organizations in the coming years. is year the trends look a decade into the future, while remaining relevant across industries and actionable for businesses today.
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #T#TechVechVisionision Accenture Labs and Accenture Research collaborate on the annual research TTechnology Vechnology Visionision AAccenturccenturee process, which this year included: 22023 Editorial &023 Editorial & RReeseseararchch • Input from the Technology Vision External Advisory Board, a group of RReeseseararch ch TTeeamam more than two dozen experienced individuals from the public and private Michael BiltMichael Biltzz RRenee Benee Byrneyrness sectors, academia, venture capital, and entrepreneurial companies. In addition, the Technology Vision team conducts interviews with technology Ari BernsteinAri Bernstein PrPrashant Shuklaashant Shukla luminaries and industry experts, as well as many Accenture business Julian DrJulian Dreimaneiman GerrGerry Fy Farkarkoovvaa leaders from across the organization. MMaria Faria Fabbrabbronioni DonoDonovvan Griggsan Griggs • Accenturccenture conducte conducted a sured a survveey of 4y of 4,,77777 C-le7 C-levvel eel exxecutivecutivees and dirs and directectororss NNaomi Nishiharaomi Nishiharaa Ammar MAmmar Mohammedohammed across 25 industries to understand their perspectives and use of emeremerging tging technologieechnologies acrs across their oross their organizations. The surganizations. The survveeys wys wereree KKristrista Schnella Schnell AbirAbira Sathiya Sathiyanathananathan 昀椀elded fr昀椀elded from December 2om December 2022 thr022 through Januarough January 2y 2023 acr023 across 3oss 34 countrie4 countries.s. DaDavid Strvid Strachan-Olsonachan-Olson VVincenzincenzo Po Palermoalermo • Experiential reeseseararch and datch and data science ta science to analyo analyzze te technologyechnology TTal Ral Rodedoded developments and advancements. MMariusz Bidelskiariusz Bidelski As a shorAs a shortlist of themetlist of themes emers emergeges frs from the rom the reeseseararch prch proceocess, thess, the LaurLaura Cona Convversoerso TTechnology Vechnology Vision tision teeam wam workorks ts to vo validatalidate and re and re昀椀ne the set of tre昀椀ne the set of trends. Theends. The themethemes ars are we weighed feighed for their ror their releelevvance tance to ro reeal-al-wworld busineorld business challengess challenges.s. The TThe Technology Vechnology Vision tision teeam seekam seeks ides ideas that tras that transcend the wanscend the well-knoell-knownwn Selen KSelen Kararaca-Grif昀椀naca-Grif昀椀n drivdriverers of ts of technological changeechnological change, concentr, concentrating instating insteead on the themead on the themes thats that will soon stwill soon starart tt to appeo appear on the C-lear on the C-levvel agendas of most entel agendas of most enterpriseerprises.s.
TTechnology Vechnology Vision 2ision 2023 023 | When A | When Attoms meet Bitsoms meet Bits #T#TechVechVisionision Survey demographics Countries Argentina 3% China 5% Indonesia 2% Norway 2% Sweden 2% Australia 4% Colombia 2% Ireland 2% Poland 2% Switzerland 2% Austria 2% Denmark 2% Italy 4% Portugal 2% Thailand 2% Belgium 2% Finland 2% Japan 4% Saudi Arabia 2% United Arab Brazil 4% France 3% Malaysia 2% Singapore 2% Emirates 2% Canada 5% Germany 4% Mexico 2% South Africa 3% United Kingdom 4% Chile 2% India 4% Netherlands 2% Spain 4% United States 16%
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision Industries Revenue (USD) 2% 6% Aerospace and Defense 1% High Tech 4% $50 billion or more 2% Automotive 5% Higher Education (US) 4% $20 to $49.9 billion 6% 14% $10 to $19.9 billion 14% 50% Banking 6% Industrial Goods and Equipment 6% $5 to $9.9 billion 27% 27% Biopharma 1% Insurance 6% $1 to $4.9 billion 50% Capital Markets 3% Media and Entertainment 2% Central Government (CA) 1% MedTech 1% Roles Chemicals 5% Natural Resources 4% Chief Digital Of昀椀cer 1% Chief Risk Of昀椀cer 2% Communications 4% Public Service 6% Chief Executive Of昀椀cer 5% Chief Security Of昀椀cer 4% Chief Finance Of昀椀cer 10% Chief Strategy Of昀椀cer 4% Consumer Goods and Services 6% Retail 6% Chief Human Resources Of昀椀cer 12% Chief Supply Chain Of昀椀cer 2% Energy 4% Software and Platforms 4% Chief Information Of昀椀cer 5% Chief Sustainability Of昀椀cer 2% Chief Information Security Of昀椀cer 8% Chief Technology Of昀椀cer 4% Federal Government (US) 4% Travel 3% Chief Innovation Of昀椀cer 2% Chief Transformation Of昀椀cer 1% Healthcare Payor (US) 2% Utilities 4% Chief Marketing Of昀椀cer 13% Director of Business Function 6% Chief Operating Of昀椀cer 9% Director of Technology 8% Health Provider 6% Chief Purchasing Of昀椀cer 1%
Technology Vision 2023 | When Atoms meet Bits #TechVision References Executive summary 11. Lavi, H. (2022, April 21). Measuring Greenhouse Gas 20. Lewis, T. (2022, October 31). One of the Biggest Problems in Emissions in Data Centres: The Environmental Impact of Biology Has Finally Been Solved. Scienti昀椀c American: 1. Neurotwin. (n.d.): https://www.neurotwin.eu/ Cloud Computing. Climatiq: https://www.climatiq.io/blog/ https://www.scienti昀椀camerican.com/article/one-of-the- 2. Consoritum. (n.d.) Neurotwin: measure-greenhouse-gas-emissions-carbon-data-centres- biggest-problems-in-biology-has-昀椀nally-been-solved/ https://www.neurotwin.eu/consortium cloud-computing 21. AlphaFold Reveals the Structure of the Protein Universe. 3. Browne, G. (2022, February 15). The Quest to Make a Digital 12. Walker, A. (2021, July 16). World’s First 3D-printed Steel Smart (2022, July 28). DeepMind: https://www.deepmind.com/ Replica of Your Brain. 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