246 Index Montgomery bus boycott, xi–xii, National Council of Churches, 22 xiv, xix–xx, 1–4, 7, 55–56, Nehru, Jawaharlal, 170 85–147, 184 neo-orthodoxy, xv Montgomery City Lines, 99, 126, Nesbitt, Robert D., Sr., 25, 31, 51, 129, 131, 133 53, 68, 73, 100, 164, 177 Montgomery Home News, 167 New Deal, 19–21, 23, 36 Montgomery Improvement New England Conservatory of Association (MIA) Music, 48 bus boycott and, 99, 106–8, 112, Niebuhr, Reinhold, xv, 1, 47, 114, 115–25, 131–33, 136–46 199n25 founding of, 92–94 Nixon, E. D. leadership of, xiii–xiv, xvii–xix, 86, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car 96, 100–101, 103–4, 108–10, Porters and, 10, 15, 56 129, 148, 155, 178 bus boycott and, 85–88, 91–94, post-boycott agenda and, 148–53, 100, 105, 112, 119, 122, 124, 157–67, 171–72, 174–76, 181, 126, 135, 137, 139–40, 145 183–84 leadership of, 1–3, 6, 17–21, 23, Montgomery Welfare League, 18 33, 43, 50–51, 58, 61–62, 70, Morehouse College, 35–36, 39–46, 77, 84, 96, 100–102, 116, 151, 120, 126 161–62, 175–76, 185 Morgan, Juliette, 21–23, 76, 84, NAACP and, xiii, 15–17, 68 100, 123, 156 relationship with King, 155–59, Morgan, Lili Bess Olin, 123 164–67 Muste, A. J., 119 Nixon, Richard, 156 Nkrumah, Kwame, 147, 151 National Association for the Advancement of Colored Parks, Frank, 70, 110, 153 People (NAACP) Parks, Rosa Montgomery branch, xii–xiii, bus boycott and, xii, xix, 1, 85– xviii, 7, 13, 15, 65, 67–68, 73, 86, 89–92, 95, 100–101, 116– 76–77, 92–93, 101, 162 17, 122, 124, 135, 139, 145 national organization, 23, 37, 53, departure from Montgomery, 79, 82, 108, 140, 143, 147, 157–62 154, 156, 166, 190n13 Highlander Folk School and, 77 E. D. Nixon and, 15–19, 46, 70, leadership of, xiii, 6–7, 10, 16–17, 159, 165 33, 50–51, 53, 68, 72, 84, 185 National Association of Colored Patterson, John, 172, 181 Women, 28 Patton, W. C., 68, 101 National Baptist Convention, 37, Pierce, J. E., 19, 26, 30, 68, 87, 62, 64, 147 101, 135, 151, 176