Industry Profile Global Employee (millions, ILO estimates) 1 / 2 Mining and Metals 9.1 Trend outlook Global trends and their impact on job creation Technologies and their impact on job creation Trends most most likely to drive industry transformation and their expected impact job creation, ordered by net Technologies most most likely to drive industry transformation and their expected impact job creation, ordered effect (share of organizations surveyed) by net effect (share of organizations surveyed) Job creator Job displacer Net effect Global net effect Job creator Job displacer Net effect Global net effect Broader application of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) standards Climate-change mitigation technology (Alternative Energy, Greenhouse gases … -100% +100% -100% +100% 69% 61% Supply chains becoming more localized Environmental management technologies (e.g. pollution abatement, recycling) -100% +100% -100% +100% 63% 59% Climate-change induced investments into adapting operations Big-data analytics -100% +100% -100% +100% 55% 52% Investments to facilitate the green transition of your business Power storage and generation -100% +100% -100% +100% 53% 46% Consumers becoming more vocal on environmental issues Encryption and cybersecurity -100% +100% -100% +100% 39% 40% Broadening digital access Digital platforms and apps -100% +100% -100% +100% 27% 23% Increased adoption of new and frontier technologies Education and workforce development technologies -100% +100% -100% +100% 11% 23% Supply shortages and/or rising cost of inputs for your business Internet of things and connected devices -100% +100% -100% +100% -21% 23% Role outlook Human-machine frontier Churn in five years Human-machine frontier 19% Five-year structural labour-force churn (percent) Tasks performed by humans and machines today and in 2027 (share of total) Global 23% Human Machine Industry Frontier Global Frontier Key roles for business transformation ALL TASKS Roles most selected by organizations surveyed (as either growing, stable or declining), ordered by net role growth, and their net growth and structural churn (percent) Now NET GROWTH INDUSTRY GLOBAL ROLES -50% 0 50% CHURN CHURN 66% 34% 2027 Forecast 19% 17% Civil Engineers 58% 42% 14% 15% Industrial and Production Engineers Workforce strategy outlook 8% 24% Business Development Professionals Talent outlook in 2027 Expected change in talent availability, development and retention in the next five years (share of organizations surveyed) 8% 14% General and Operations Managers Improving Worsening Global average Global average 26% 20% Mechanical Engineers Talent availability when hiring -100% +100% 43% 36% 13% 17% Assembly and Factory Workers Talent development of existing workforce -100% +100% 0% 79% 10% 24% Technical Specialists Talent retention of existing workforce 26% 19% Mechanics and Machinery Repairers -100% +100% 10% 55% 22% 19% Accountants and Auditors 24% 35% Administrative and Executive Secretaries Accounting, Bookkeeping and Payroll 54% 29% Clerks