Industry Profile Global Employee (millions, ILO estimates) 1 / 2 Oil and gas 6.1 Trend outlook Global trends and their impact on job creation Technologies and their impact on job creation Trends most most likely to drive industry transformation and their expected impact job creation, ordered by net Technologies most most likely to drive industry transformation and their expected impact job creation, ordered effect (share of organizations surveyed) by net effect (share of organizations surveyed) Job creator Job displacer Net effect Global net effect Job creator Job displacer Net effect Global net effect Investments to facilitate the green transition of your business Climate-change mitigation technology (Alternative Energy, Greenhouse gases … -100% +100% -100% +100% 74% 61% Broader application of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) standards Environmental management technologies (e.g. pollution abatement, recycling) -100% +100% -100% +100% 58% 52% Consumers becoming more vocal on environmental issues Encryption and cybersecurity -100% +100% -100% +100% 47% 50% Climate-change induced investments into adapting operations Power storage and generation -100% +100% -100% +100% 42% 47% Demographic dividend in developing and emerging economies Digital platforms and apps -100% +100% -100% +100% 38% 27% Broadening digital access Cloud computing -100% +100% -100% +100% 17% -5% Increased adoption of new and frontier technologies Artificial intelligence (e.g. machine learning, neural networks) -100% +100% -100% +100% 4% -10% Increased geopolitical divisions Internet of things and connected devices -100% +100% -100% +100% -12% -15% Role outlook Human-machine frontier Churn in five years Human-machine frontier 20% Five-year structural labour-force churn (percent) Tasks performed by humans and machines today and in 2027 (share of total) Global 23% Human Machine Industry Frontier Global Frontier Key roles for business transformation ALL TASKS Roles most selected by organizations surveyed (as either growing, stable or declining), ordered by net role growth, and their net growth and structural churn (percent) Now NET GROWTH INDUSTRY GLOBAL ROLES -50% 0 50% CHURN CHURN 75% 26% Petroleum and Natural Gas Refining Plant 2027 Forecast 45% 34% Operators 75% 25% 39% 23% Application Developers Workforce strategy outlook 19% 25% Project Managers Talent outlook in 2027 Expected change in talent availability, development and retention in the next five years (share of organizations surveyed) 18% 19% Mechanics and Machinery Repairers Improving Worsening Global average Global average Manufacturing, Mining, Construction, and 19% 11% Talent availability when hiring Distribution Managers -100% +100% 35% 52% 11% 31% Big Data Specialists Talent development of existing workforce -100% +100% 0% 78% 14% 19% Accountants and Auditors Talent retention of existing workforce 3% 14% General and Operations Managers -100% +100% 22% 39% Sales Representatives, Wholesale and 4% 14% … Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Accounting, Bookkeeping and Payroll 6% 29% Clerks 31% 42% Data Entry Clerks 38% 35% Administrative and Executive Secretaries