Industry Profile Global Employee (millions, ILO estimates) 1 / 2 Automotive and Aerospace 22.9 Trend outlook Global trends and their impact on job creation Technologies and their impact on job creation Trends most most likely to drive industry transformation and their expected impact job creation, ordered by net Technologies most most likely to drive industry transformation and their expected impact job creation, ordered effect (share of organizations surveyed) by net effect (share of organizations surveyed) Job creator Job displacer Net effect Global net effect Job creator Job displacer Net effect Global net effect Increased adoption of new and frontier technologies Big-data analytics -100% +100% -100% +100% 67% 78% Consumers becoming more vocal on environmental issues Education and workforce development technologies -100% +100% -100% +100% 63% 65% Broadening digital access Encryption and cybersecurity -100% +100% -100% +100% 63% 63% Broader application of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) standards Digital platforms and apps -100% +100% -100% +100% 57% 63% Consumers becoming more vocal on social issues Artificial intelligence (e.g. machine learning, neural networks) -100% +100% -100% +100% 45% 59% Climate-change induced investments into adapting operations Augmented and virtual reality -100% +100% -100% +100% 42% 53% Rising cost of living for consumers Cloud computing -100% +100% -100% +100% -5% 50% Supply shortages and/or rising cost of inputs for your business Internet of things and connected devices -100% +100% -100% +100% -21% 50% Role outlook Human-machine frontier Churn in five years Human-machine frontier 19% Five-year structural labour-force churn (percent) Tasks performed by humans and machines today and in 2027 (share of total) Global 23% Human Machine Industry Frontier Global Frontier Key roles for business transformation ALL TASKS Roles most selected by organizations surveyed (as either growing, stable or declining), ordered by net role growth, and their net growth and structural churn (percent) Now NET GROWTH INDUSTRY GLOBAL ROLES -50% 0 50% CHURN CHURN 62% 38% 2027 Forecast 24% 40% AI and Machine Learning Specialists 53% 47% 18% 20% Mechanical Engineers Workforce strategy outlook Ship and Aircraft Controllers and 18% 14% Talent outlook in 2027 Technicians Expected change in talent availability, development and retention in the next five years (share of organizations surveyed) 19% 15% Industrial and Production Engineers Improving Worsening Global average Global average 30% 14% General and Operations Managers Talent availability when hiring -100% +100% 32% 53% 11% 17% Assembly and Factory Workers Talent development of existing workforce Accounting, Bookkeeping and Payroll -100% +100% 0% 90% 24% 29% Clerks Talent retention of existing workforce Business Services and Administration 28% 22% -100% +100% Managers 15% 55% 15% 35% Administrative and Executive Secretaries 41% 42% Data Entry Clerks Material-Recording and Stock-Keeping 51% 32% Clerks